Dendrobium – Shi Hu

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[Family and medicinal part] This product is the stem of Dendrobium officinale, a plant of the Orchidaceae family.
[Nature and flavor and meridians] Sweet, slightly cold. Enters the lung, stomach, and kidney meridians.
[Effects] Nourishes yin, nourishes the stomach, and produces body fluids.
[Clinical application] It is used for yin damage caused by fever, dry mouth and thirst, or body fluid deficiency and heat after illness, as well as insufficient stomach yin, red tongue, and less body fluid.
Dendrobium is used for yin deficiency and internal heat, dry mouth and thirst, insufficient stomach yin, red tongue, and less body fluids. It is often used in combination with Ophiopogon japonicus, Adenophora radix, and Radix Rehmanniae. Fresh ones have better effects in clearing heat and producing body fluids. Therefore, fresh dendrobium can be used for patients with fever, lung and stomach fire, body fluid depletion, red and dry tongue or black tongue coating, and thirst for drinking.
[Prescription name] Golden Dendrobium, Golden Hairpin Dendrobium (nourishing stomach and producing body fluids). Sichuan Dendrobium, Dry Dendrobium, Fine Dendrobium, Huangcao (mainly clear stomach fire, nourish yin and produce body fluid, but the body fluid producing power is slightly weaker, and the price is slightly more expensive than Golden Dendrobium). Fresh Golden Dendrobium, Fresh Golden Hairpin (better in clearing heat and producing body fluid, cheaper). Fresh Candidum, Fresh Dendrobium (similar to fresh Golden Dendrobium, but more expensive). Fengdou, Huodou, Huoshan Dendrobium (better in nourishing stomach and producing body fluid, but very expensive, less clinically used).
[General dosage and usage] One to three qian, decocted and taken. Double the dosage for fresh ones.
[Comment] Dendrobium is a simple drug, mainly used to nourish stomach yin and clear deficiency heat. Its function of nourishing stomach and producing body fluid is better than Ophiopogon japonicus, but it does not have the effect of moistening lungs and relieving cough, clearing heart and removing troubles.
[Example of prescription] Heat-clearing and body-preserving method “Treatise on seasonal diseases”: fresh stone caltrops, fresh radix rehmanniae, Radix trichosanthis, Radix ophiopogonis, Fructus forsythiae, Ginseng leaves. Treats fever with sweating, wind-heat turning into fire, heat damaging body fluids, and black tongue coating.
【Literature Excerpt】《本经》: “It is used to treat injuries, remove numbness, relieve qi, nourish the five internal organs, and strengthen the yin. Long-term use can strengthen the stomach and intestines.”
《本草衍义》: “Shihu is effective in treating deficiency heat in the stomach.”
《本草正义》: “Golden Shihu has a larger trunk and brighter color. It can clear deficiency heat and nourish the yin fluid of the lungs and stomach. This is the best.”
This product is the cultivated products of the orchid plants Dendrobium nobile Lindl., Dendrobium huoshanense C.Z.Tang et s..Cheng, Dendrobiumchrysotoxum lindl. or Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook, and the fresh or dried stems of similar species of plants of the same genus. It can be harvested all year round. For fresh use, remove the roots and mud. For dry use, remove impurities after harvesting, scald with boiling water or bake to soften, then rub and dry until the leaf sheath is rubbed clean and dried. Huoshan Dendrobium is harvested from November to March of the following year. Remove the leaves, roots, mud and other impurities, wash, and use fresh, or heat to remove the leaf sheath to make dry strips; or twist into a spiral or spring shape while heating, and dry, called Huoshan Dendrobium Fengdou.
[Proprietà]
Fresh Dendrobium is cylindrical or oblate, about 30cm long and 0.4~1.2cm in diameter. The surface is yellow-green, smooth or with longitudinal stripes, with obvious nodes, darker color, and membranous leaf sheaths on the nodes. The flesh is juicy and easy to break.
The smell is slight, the taste is slightly bitter and sweet, and it is sticky when chewed.
Dendrobium nobile is flat cylindrical, 20~40cm long, 0.4~0.6cm in diameter, 2.5~3cm long between nodes, golden yellow or yellow with green, with deep longitudinal grooves. It is hard and brittle, and the cross section is relatively flat and loose.
Slight smell, bitter taste.
Dendrobium huoshanense is straight or irregularly curved, 2~8cm long, 1~4mm in diameter, with pale yellowish green to yellowish green surface, occasionally with yellowish brown patches, fine longitudinal lines, obvious nodes, and residual grayish white membranous leaf sheaths on some nodes; short fibrous roots or fibrous root marks remaining at the base of the stem can be seen at one end, and the other end is the stem tip, which is thinner. It is hard and brittle, easy to break, with a flat cross section, grayish yellow to grayish green, and slightly horny. Slight smell, light taste, and sticky when chewed. Fresh products are slightly enlarged. Fleshy, easy to break, and the cross section is pale yellowish green to dark green. Slight odor, light taste, sticky when chewed and little residue. The stem is spiral or spring-shaped, usually with 2 to 5 spirals. The stem is straightened and has the same characteristics as the stem.
Dendrobium chrysotoxum It is coarsely spindle-shaped, with a diameter of 1 to 3 cm in the middle and 3 to 7 nodes. The surface is smooth, golden yellow, with obvious raised edges. It is light and crispy, and the cross section is spongy. Slight odor, light taste, sticky when chewed.
Dendrobium tasseliensis, etc. It is oblong, 20 to 150 cm long, 0.4 to 1.2 cm in diameter, with obvious nodes and 2 to 6 cm long internodes. The surface is yellow to dark yellow with deep longitudinal grooves. The texture is loose, the cross section is flat or fibrous. The taste is light or slightly bitter, and it is sticky when chewed.
【Identificazione】
(1) Cross-section of this product: Dendrobium nobile The epidermal cells are in one row, flat, and covered with a bright yellow cuticle. The size of the basic tissue cells is quite different, with wall holes, scattered in most of the exo-tough vascular bundles, arranged in 7 to 8 circles.
The outer fiber bundles of the vascular bundles are crescent-shaped or semicircular, and some of the outer thin-walled cells contain round siliceous blocks, and the xylem has 1 to 3 vessels with larger diameters. Cells containing calcium oxalate needle crystals are mostly found next to the vascular bundles.
Huoshan Dendrobium has one row of epidermal cells, which are flat, with slightly thickened outer and side walls, slightly lignified, and covered with yellow or orange cuticles. Some outer layers can see the leaf sheath layer composed of colorless thin-walled cells. The basic parenchyma cells are polygonal and similar in size, with 9 to 47 vascular bundles scattered among them. The thin-walled cells near the vascular bundles are smaller, and the vascular bundles are limited exo-tough. The vascular bundle sheath fiber group is single-capped, occasionally double-capped, with 1 to 2 rows of fibers, and the outer fiber diameter is usually smaller than the inner fiber. Some outer small thin-walled cells contain brick blocks. Calcium oxalate needle crystal bundles are mostly found in the thin-walled cells near the epidermis or the thin-walled cells next to the vascular bundles near the epidermis.

Dendrobium chrysotoxum epidermal cells are flat, with thickened outer and side walls, and narrow and long cell cavities; the cuticle is light yellow. The size of the basic tissue cells is quite different. Most of the outer tough vascular bundles are arranged in 10 to 12 circles. The xylem vessels are of similar size. Some cells containing calcium oxalate needle crystal bundles can be seen.

Dendrobium tassels, etc. The epidermal cells are oblate or square, with thickened or no thickening walls. The basic tissue cells are similar or different in size, with most of the outer tough vascular bundles scattered, slightly arranged in several circles. The outer fiber bundles of the vascular bundles are crescent-shaped or cap-shaped, and some of the small cells on the outer edge contain brick blocks: the inner fiber bundles are absent or present, and some of the inner and outer fiber bundles are connected into sheaths. Some thin-walled cells contain calcium oxalate needle crystal bundles and starch grains.

The powder is gray-green or gray-yellow. Cuticle fragments are yellow; epidermal cells are long polygonal or quasi-polygonal in surface view, with bead-like thickening of the pericentric wall. Bundle sheath fibers are bundled or discrete, long fusiform or slender, with thicker walls, sparse pits, and surrounded by small cells containing siliceous blocks arranged in longitudinal rows. Wood fibers are slender, with pointed or rounded ends, and slightly thicker walls. The diameter of the reticular vessels, scalariform vessels or rimmed pit vessels is 12~50um. Calcium oxalate needles are bundled or scattered.
(2) Dendrobium nobile Take 1g of this product (fresh product is dried and crushed) powder, add 10ml of methanol, ultrasonically treat for 30 minutes, filter, and use the filtrate as the test solution. Take another dendrobium alkaloid reference substance, add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml, as the reference substance solution. According to the thin layer chromatography method (General Rule 0502), 20μ1 of the test solution and 5p1 of the reference solution were taken and spotted on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, respectively, and petroleum ether (60~90℃)-acetone (7:3) was used as the developing agent. After development, the plate was taken out, dried, and sprayed with potassium bismuth iodide test solution. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color appeared at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the reference sample.
Huoshan Dendrobium Take 1g of this product (fresh product is dried and crushed) powder (pass through No. 2 sieve), add 20ml of anhydrous methanol, ultrasonically treat for 30 minutes, filter, recover the solvent from the filtrate until dry, add 15ml of water to the residue to dissolve, wash twice with petroleum ether (60~90%℃), 20ml each time, discard the petroleum ether liquid, wash the water liquid with ethyl acetate twice, 20ml each time, discard the ethyl acetate liquid, shake and extract twice with water-saturated n-butanol, 20ml each time, combine the n-butanol liquid, recover the solvent until dry, add 1ml of anhydrous methanol to the residue to dissolve, as the test solution. Take another 1g of Huoshan Dendrobium reference medicinal material, and prepare the reference medicinal material solution in the same way. Take an appropriate amount of schaftoside reference substance, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.5mg per 1ml, as the reference substance solution. According to the thin layer chromatography method (General Rule 0502), 3~5ul of each of the above three solutions were taken and spotted on the same polyamide film, and ethanol-butanone-acetylacetone-water (4:4:1:17) was used as the developing agent. The film was developed for less than 20 minutes, taken out, dried, dried at 105℃, taken out, sprayed with 5% aluminum chloride ethanol solution, heated at 105℃ for about 3 minutes, taken out, and examined under ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appeared at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the reference medicinal material and the chromatogram of the reference substance.
Dendrobium chrysotoxum Take 25ml of the filtrate under the item of Dendrobium chrysotoxum [Content Determination], recover the solvent to dryness, add 5ml of methanol to the residue to dissolve it, and use it as the test solution. Take another Erianin reference substance, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.2mg per 1ml, and use it as the reference substance solution. According to the thin layer chromatography method (General Rule 0502), 5~104l of the test solution and 5μl of the reference solution were taken and spotted on the same high-efficiency silica gel G thin layer plate, respectively, and petroleum ether (60~90℃)-ethyl acetate (3:2) was used as the developing agent. The development was carried out with a development distance of 8cm, and then the plate was taken out, dried, sprayed with 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, and heated at 105℃ until the spots were clearly colored. In the chromatogram of the test product, spots of the same color appeared at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the reference product.
Dendrobium tasselense, etc. Take 0.5g of the powder of this product (fresh product is dried and crushed), add 25ml of methanol, ultrasonically treat for 45 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, and add 5ml of methanol to the residue to dissolve it as the test solution. Take another reference product of dendrobium phenol, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.2mg per 1ml, and use it as the reference solution. According to the thin layer chromatography method (general rule 0502), 5~10μ1 of the test solution and 5ul of the reference solution were taken and spotted on the same high-efficiency brick glue G thin layer plate, and petroleum ether (60~90℃)-ethyl acetate (3:2) was used as the developing agent. The plate was developed with a development distance of 8cm, taken out, dried, sprayed with 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, and heated at 105℃ until the spots were clearly colored. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color appeared at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the reference.
(3) Huoshan Dendrobium Polymerase chain reaction-restriction endonuclease length polymorphism method.
Template DNA extraction Take 0.1g of this product (fresh product dried), add appropriate amount of liquid ammonia to grind, and pass through a No. 5 sieve. Take 25mg of the powder, place it in a 1.5ml centrifuge tube, and add CTAB precipitation solution [2% hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, 100mmol/L Tris-hydrochloric acid pH=8.0, 10mmol disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid] 1000u, vortex, heat in a water bath at 65℃ for 20 minutes (mix 3 times in the middle), centrifuge (speed is 12000 rpm) for 10 minutes, discard the supernatant: add CTAB precipitation solution 1000u, vortex, heat in a water bath at 65 for 10 minutes, centrifuge (speed is 12000 rpm) for 10 minutes and discard the supernatant: repeat the same method once: discard the supernatant, add CTAB extraction solution ([2% hexadecyltrimethylammonium sulfate, 100mmol L Tris-hydrochloric acid pH=80.20 100 μL of chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (volume ratio 24:1) solution, mix thoroughly, centrifuge (speed is 12000 rpm) for 10 minutes; take the supernatant, add an equal volume of chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (volume ratio 24:1) solution (about 800 μL), mix thoroughly, centrifuge (speed is 1000 rpm) for 10 minutes; 2000 rpm) for 10 minutes; take the supernatant and place it in another 2.0ml centrifuge tube, add 2/3 volume of isopropanol, and place it at -20℃ for 30 minutes; centrifuge (speed is 12000 rpm) for 10 minutes, discard the supernatant: add 70% ethanol 500u1 to the precipitate and shake for 1 minute, centrifuge (speed is 12000 rpm) for 3 minutes: discard the supernatant, shake the precipitate with 70% ethanol 500ul for 1 minute, centrifuge (speed is 12000 rpm) for 3 minutes; discard the supernatant, place it in a 37℃ water bath to evaporate the solvent: add 50u of high-pressure sterilized ultrapure water, dissolve it, as the test solution, place it at 4 ℃ refrigerator for later use. Take another 0.1g of Huoshan Dendrobium control medicinal material and prepare the control medicinal material template DNA solution in the same way.
PCR-RFLP reaction: Identification primers: 5′-ATTCTTCATCAAGTTTAGTGCATTC-3′ and 5′-AGAGCTGATGGGCCTTTGA-3. PCR reaction system: carried out in a 200ml centrifuge tube, the total reaction volume is 25yl, the reaction system includes 2.5ul of 10xPCR buffer, 1pl of dNTP (10mmol/L), 0.2yl of each identification primer (10umol/L), Jag DNA polymerase (5UH) 0.2ml, 10mg/ml bovine serum albumin 1yl, 25% polyvinyl pyrrolidone 1, template 1y, sterile ultrapure water 18.4. Place the centrifuge tube in the PCR instrument, PCR reaction parameters: 95℃ pre-denaturation for 5 minutes, cycle reaction 40 times (95″C10 seconds, 56C20 seconds, 72°C20 seconds), 72℃ extension for 5 minutes. Take the PCR reaction solution, place it in a 200ml centrifuge tube, and perform enzyme digestion reaction. The total reaction volume is 20ul. The reaction system includes 10x enzyme digestion buffer 2HL, PCR reaction solution 17.5ul, Alul endonuclease (10U/l) 0.5, and the enzyme digestion reaction is reacted in a 37℃ water bath for 30 minutes. Take sterile ultrapure water and perform the PCR-RFLP reaction operation as above as a blank control.
Electrophoresis detection According to the agarose gel electrophoresis method (General Rule 0541), the gel concentration is 2.5%, and the nucleic acid gel dye GelRed is added to the gel; DL500 is used as a DNA molecular weight marker, and the loading amount of the PCR product and the enzyme cleavage reaction product of the test sample and the control medicinal material is 8uL respectively, and the loading amount of the DNA molecular weight marker is 2ul (0.5ug/ul). After the electrophoresis is completed, take the gel slice and examine it on a gel imager or a UV irradiator. In the gel electrophoresis spectrum of the Huoshan Dendrobium test sample, there should be a single-DNA band between 100~200bp at the corresponding position of the gel electrophoresis spectrum of the control medicinal material, and the position of the PCR product and the enzyme cleavage product bands is consistent. The blank control has no band.
【Characteristic spectrum】
Dendrobium huoshanense, according to the high performance liquid chromatography method (general rule 0512 determination)
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test, with octadecyl tridane bonded tridacyl gum as filler: acetonitrile-methanol solution (1:1) as mobile phase A, 0.01mol ammonium acetate solution as mobile phase B, gradient elution according to the provisions in the following table: flow rate 0.8m per minute; column temperature 40℃: detection wavelength 340nm. The number of theoretical plates calculated based on the schaftoside peak should not be less than 5000.
Preparation of reference solution Take about 1g of Huoshan Dendrobium reference medicinal material, add 50ml of methanol, ultrasonically treat for 30 minutes (power 250W, frequency 50KHz), take out, cool, filter, and concentrate the filtrate to 5ml as the reference solution of the reference medicinal material. Take another schaftoside reference substance and add

Methanol is used to make a solution containing 50ug per 1ml, which is used as the reference solution. Preparation of the test solution Take about 1g of the powder (grinded after drying the fresh product) (pass through a No. 3 sieve), and prepare the test solution in the same way as the reference solution of the reference medicinal material. Determination method Accurately pipette 5~20u of the above reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and record the chromatogram. The test chromatogram should show 5 characteristic peaks, and the retention time should correspond to the 5 characteristic peaks in the chromatographic peak of the reference medicinal material, among which peak 1 should correspond to the retention time of the reference peak of the reference substance.
[Ispezione]
Water content of dry dendrobium shall not exceed 12.0% (General Rule 0832 Second Method)
Total ash content of dry dendrobium shall not exceed 5.0% (General Rule 2302).
Huoshan dendrobium shall not exceed 7.0% (General Rule 2302).
【Extract】
Huoshan Dendrobium: Determined by hot soaking method under the alcohol-soluble extract determination method (General Rule 2201), using ethanol as solvent, and the dry product shall not be less than 8.0%.
【Content determination)
Dendrobium nobile: Determined by gas chromatography (General Rule 0521).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test DB-1 capillary column (100% dimethyl polyoxyethane as stationary phase) (village length 30m, inner diameter 0.25mm, film thickness 0.25um), program temperature rise: initial temperature 80℃, increase to 250℃ at a rate of 10℃ per minute, maintain for 5 minutes: injection port temperature 250℃, detector temperature 250℃. Theoretical board teaching calculated according to the dendrobium alkaloid peak should not be less than 10000.
Correction factor determination: Take an appropriate amount of naphthalene reference substance, accurately weigh it, add methanol to make a solution containing 25ug per 1ml as the internal standard solution. Take an appropriate amount of dendrobium alkali reference substance, accurately weigh it, add methanol to make a solution containing 50ug per 1ml as the reference substance solution. Accurately measure 2ml of the reference substance solution, place it in a 5ml volumetric flask, accurately add 1ml of the internal standard solution, add methanol to the scale, shake well, draw 1μl, inject into the gas chromatograph, and calculate the correction factor.
Determination method Take about 0.25g of the powder (grinded after drying the fresh product) of this product (pass through the No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh it, place it in a round-bottom flask, accurately add 25ml of 0.05% formic acid methanol solution, weigh the weight, heat and reflux for 3 hours, cool, weigh again, make up the lost weight with 0.05% formic acid methanol solution, shake well, and filter. Accurately measure 2ml of the filtrate, place it in a 5ml volumetric flask, accurately add 1ml of the internal standard solution, add methanol to the scale, shake well, draw 1u, inject into the gas chromatograph, and determine. This product, calculated on a dry basis, contains no less than 0.40% dendrobium alkaloids (C16H25NO,).
Huoshan Dendrobium is determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry (General Rule 0401).
Preparation of reference solution Take an appropriate amount of D-anhydrous glucose reference, weigh accurately, and add water to make a solution containing 100ug per 1ml. Preparation of standard curve: Accurately measure 0.2ml, 0.4ml, 0.6ml, 0.8ml, and 1.0ml of the reference solution, respectively, and place them in 10ml stoppered test tubes, add water to 1.0ml each, accurately add 1ml of 5% phenol solution (prepared immediately before use), shake well, then accurately add 5ml of sulfuric acid, shake well, heat in a boiling water bath for 20 minutes, take out, cool in an ice bath for 5 minutes, use the corresponding reagent as blank, and measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 488nm according to the UV-Vis spectrophotometry (General Rule 0401), and draw a standard curve with absorbance as the ordinate and concentration as the abscissa.
Determination method Take about 0.4g of the powder (fresh product after drying and crushing) of this product (pass through No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, add 200ml of water, heat and reflux for 2 hours, cool, transfer to a 250ml volumetric flask, wash the container with a small amount of water several times, add the washing liquid to the same volumetric flask, add water to the scale, shake well, and filter. Accurately measure 2ml of the filtrate, put it in a 15ml centrifuge tube, accurately add 10ml of anhydrous ethanol, shake well, refrigerate for 1 hour, take it out, centrifuge (speed is 4000 revolutions per minute) for 20 minutes, discard the supernatant, wash the precipitate with 80% ethanol twice, 8m! each time, centrifuge, discard the supernatant, dissolve the precipitate in hot water, transfer it to a 25ml volumetric flask, let it reach room temperature, add water to the scale, and shake well. Accurately measure 1 ml of the test solution and place it in a 10 ml stoppered test tube. According to the method under the preparation of the standard curve, measure the absorbance according to the law from “accurately add 1 ml of 5% phenol solution!”, read the amount of D-anhydrous glucose in the test solution from the standard curve, and calculate it.
This product is calculated as a dry product, and the polysaccharide content is calculated as anhydrous glucose (C6H1206), which shall not be less than 17.0%.
Dendrobium chrysotoxum is determined according to the high performance liquid chromatography method (General Rule 0512).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test, octadecyl alkane bonded glue is used as filler: acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid solution (37:63) is used as mobile phase; the detection wavelength is 230 nm, and the number of theoretical plates calculated according to the Erianin peak should be not less than 6000.
Preparation of reference solution Take an appropriate amount of Erianin reference substance, accurately weigh it, and add methanol to make a solution containing 15ug per 1 ml, and you will get it.
Preparation of test solution Take about 1g of powder (fresh product after drying and crushing) of this product (pass through No. 3 sieve), weigh accurately, put it in a stoppered conical bottle, add 50ml of methanol accurately, stopper it, weigh it, soak it for 20 minutes, ultrasonically treat it (power 250W, frequency 40kHz) for 45 minutes, let it cool, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with methanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate. 5. Accurately aspirate 20ml of reference solution and test solution respectively, inject it into liquid chromatograph, and determine it. Determination method
Calculated on the basis of dry product, the content of Erianin (C18H2205) of this product shall not be less than 0.030%.
Medicinal pieces
[In elaborazione]
Dried Dendrobium Remove the residual roots, wash, cut into sections, and dry. Remove impurities from Huoshan Dendrobium.
[Proprietà]
This product is in the shape of flat cylinder or cylindrical sections. The surface is golden yellow, greenish yellow or brownish yellow, shiny, with deep longitudinal grooves or longitudinal ridges, and some can see brown nodes. The cut surface is yellowish white to yellowish brown, with many scattered veins. The smell is slight, the taste is light or slightly bitter, and it is sticky when chewed.
Fresh Dendrobium Wash the fresh product and cut it into sections.
[Proprietà]
Cylindrical or oblate cylindrical sections. Diameter 0.4~1.2cm. The surface is yellowish green, smooth or with longitudinal stripes, and the flesh is juicy. The smell is slight, the taste is slightly bitter and sweet, and it is sticky when chewed.
[Identificazione]
(Except the cross section)
[Ispezione]
Lo stesso del materiale medicinale.
Huoshan Dendrobium [Properties] [Identification] [Inspection] [Characteristic Spectrum] [Extract] [Content Determination] Same as the medicinal material.
[Nature and Taste and Meridians]
Sweet, slightly cold. It enters the stomach and kidney meridians.
[Functions and Indications]
Benefits the stomach and produces fluid, nourishes yin and clears heat. Used for damage to body fluids due to fever, dry mouth and thirst, insufficient stomach yin, poor appetite and dry retching, persistent deficiency heat after illness, excessive yin and fire, bone steaming and fatigue fever, blurred vision, and weakness of tendons and bones.
[Uso e dosaggio]
6~12g; fresh product 15~30g.
[Magazzinaggio]
Dried products should be placed in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moisture; fresh products should be placed in a cool and humid place to prevent freezing.
Where is the main origin of Dendrobium?
It is mainly produced in Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Hubei.
Where is the main medicinal part of Dendrobium?
Medicinal parts of Dendrobium:
Cultivated products of Dendrobium nobile Lindl., Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lind., or Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook. of the orchid family and fresh or dried stems of similar species of plants of the same genus.
Characteristics of the medicinal parts of Dendrobium:
·Fresh Dendrobium: cylindrical or oblate cylindrical, about 30cm long, 0.4~1.2cm in diameter. The surface is yellow-green, smooth or with longitudinal stripes, with obvious nodes, darker color, and membranous leaf sheaths on the nodes. The flesh is juicy and easy to break. The smell is slight, the taste is slightly bitter and sweet, and it is sticky.

Dendrobium nobile: oblate cylindrical, 20~40cm long, 0.4~0.6cm in diameter, and the internode length is 2.5~3cm. The surface is golden yellow or yellow with green.
There are deep longitudinal grooves. The texture is hard and brittle, and the cross section is relatively flat and loose. The smell is slight and the taste is bitter.

Huoshan Dendrobium: The dry strips are straight or irregularly curved, 2~8cm long, and 1~4mm in diameter. The surface is light yellow-green to yellow-green, with occasional yellow spots, fine longitudinal lines, obvious nodes, and residual gray-white membranous leaf sheaths can be seen on some nodes; short fibrous roots or fibrous root marks can be seen at the base of the stem at one end, and the other end is the stem tip, which is thinner. It is hard and brittle, easy to break, with a flat cross section, gray-yellow to gray-green, and slightly horny. It has a slight odor and a light taste, and is sticky when chewed. The fresh product is slightly enlarged. It is fleshy, easy to break, and has a light yellow-green to dark green cross section. It has a slight odor and a light taste, and is sticky and has little residue. The maple bud is spiral or spring-shaped, usually with 2 to 5 spiral lines. The stem is straightened and has the same characteristics as the stem.
How are dendrobium recorded in ancient books?

《本经》: “It is used to treat injuries, remove numbness and lower qi, nourish the five internal organs, and strengthen the yin. Long-term use can thicken the stomach and intestines. 《名医别录》: “It can nourish essence, nourish the internal deficiency, calm the stomach qi, grow muscles, expel evil heat from the skin, and treat cold and numbness in the feet and knees. It can calm the mind and eliminate shock.” 《药性本草》: “It can nourish qi and remove heat. It is used to treat weak waist and feet in men, strengthen yang, nourish the kidney and accumulate essence, treat back pain, nourish kidney qi, and increase strength. 《日华子本草》: “It can treat weakness and weakness, and strengthen muscles and bones.

《本草衍义》: “It can treat deficiency heat in the stomach.

《药药化义》: “It can treat long-term deficiency of lung heat and persistent cough.

《本草备要》: “It can treat nocturnal emission and spermatorrhea.

Effetti
Dendrobium has the effects of nourishing the stomach and producing body fluid, nourishing yin and clearing heat.
What are the main effects and clinical applications of Dendrobium?
Dendrobium is used for heat disease, fluid damage, dry mouth, thirst, insufficient stomach yin, poor appetite, dry retching, persistent heat after illness, yin deficiency and fire, bone steaming and fatigue, blurred vision, and weak tendons and bones.
Stomach yin deficiency syndrome:
Treats dull burning pain in the stomach caused by insufficient stomach yin, dry mouth and tongue, poor appetite and dry retching, etc., and is often used with Adenophora odoratum, Polygonatum odoratum, Ophiopogon japonicus, etc.;.Treats deficiency heat and thirst after illness, can be used alone as a decoction instead of tea, or with fresh Rehmannia glutinosa, Radix Trichosanthis, Ophiopogon japonicus, etc. . Kidney yin deficiency syndrome:
Treats yin deficiency and fire, bone steaming and fatigue, can be used with Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Phellodendron, etc. Treats weak tendons and bones due to kidney deficiency and essence deficiency, often with Achyranthes bidentata, Cornus officinalis, Dipsacus asper, etc..Used together:
Treats dark vision and blurred vision due to liver and kidney yin deficiency, often with Lycium barbarum, Chrysanthemum, Cassia seed, etc.
What other effects does Dendrobium have?
In my country’s traditional food culture, some Chinese medicinal materials are often widely consumed as food ingredients among the people, that is, materials that are both food and Chinese medicinal materials according to tradition. According to the documents issued by the National Health Commission and the State Administration for Market Regulation, Dendrobium can be used as (instant edible drug substance) within the limited scope of use and dosage. It is a dual-purpose medicine and food.
The commonly used medicinal diet recipes of Dendrobium are as follows
Insufficient stomach yin, heat disease damages yin or yin deficiency and internal heat, and the tongue is light and without coating:
Northern Adenophora 12g, Dendrobium 12g, Poria 12g, Poria 500g, Pork spine 100g, Spinach 5g, Ginger 5g, Green onion 3g.
Wash and chop the pork spine, wash and crush the ginger, add appropriate amount of water to the above two items, and boil for 30 minutes. Wrap the Dendrobium, Poria and Northern Adenophora slices with gauze, put them in the pork spine soup and boil for 20 minutes, and remove the medicine bag. Add washed spinach, chopped green onion, salt, MSG, etc., boil and remove from the pot, let it cool. Drink the soup, chew bones and eat vegetables.
Dendrobium is sweet and cool, enters the stomach, produces fluid and nourishes the stomach, and treats insufficient stomach yin. Symptoms such as dry mouth and throat, red tongue with little fluid, and dry stool can be seen. For milder symptoms, the decoction can be used instead of tea.
Lung heat and dry cough:
15g of Adenophora australis, 20g of mulberry leaves, 20g of gypsum, 15g of Ophiopogon japonicus, 15g of almonds, 10g of licorice, 20g of fresh pear juice, and 30g of rock sugar.
Remove impurities from slices of mulberry leaves, Adenophora australis, Ophiopogon japonicus, almonds and licorice. Remove impurities from gypsum. Wash and mash fresh pears to extract juice. Take gypsum and add appropriate amount of water to fry for 30 minutes, add mulberry leaves and other 5 herbs and continue to fry for 25 minutes, remove the residue and extract juice. Add fresh pear juice and rock sugar and let it cool. Drink instead of tea.
Thirst and heat disease damage to body fluid:
15g of Adenophora Root, 15g of Radix Ophiopogonis, 15g of Radix Rehmanniae, 5g of Polygonatum odoratum. Grind the above materials into a coarse powder, add water to decoct, and drink as needed. Note: The use of Chinese herbal medicines must be based on syndrome differentiation and treatment, and should be used under the guidance of professional Chinese medicine practitioners. Do not use them at will, and do not listen to Chinese medicine prescriptions and advertisements at will.
What are the compound preparations containing Dendrobium?
· Yin deficiency stomach pain tablets: nourish yin and benefit the stomach, relieve pain.
· Dendrobium eye-brightening pills: soothe the liver and clear heat, nourish the kidney and improve eyesight.
· Dendrobium powder: mainly treats kidney qi deficiency after typhoid fever, residual urine, and nocturnal dream and loss of semen, and wet itching under the genitals.
· Dendrobium night light pills: nourish yin and kidney, clear the liver and improve eyesight. Used for liver and kidney deficiency, yin deficiency and hyperactivity of fire, cataracts, dark eyes, blurred vision
Modern research progress on Dendrobium
This product has multiple pharmacological effects such as regulating gastrointestinal function, lowering blood sugar, enhancing immunity, anti-cataract, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidation.
Metodo di utilizzo
Dendrobium has the effects of benefiting the stomach and promoting fluid, nourishing yin and clearing heat. It can be taken with decoction, soaked in water, cooked in porridge or soup. But no matter which method is used, it needs to be taken according to the doctor’s instructions.
How to use Dendrobium correctly?
Dendrobium decoction is taken orally, and the usual dosage is 6-12g. If it is fresh, the dosage is 15-30g. Dry products should be decocted first before adding decoction.
Fresh Dendrobium can be taken directly orally, chewed in the mouth and then swallowed, or squeezed into juice for consumption, but it is not suitable for people with cold stomach.
Dendrobium is generally used in decoctions, decoctions are taken, and powders or pills can also be taken. However, the use of Chinese herbal medicines must be based on syndrome differentiation and should be used under the guidance of professional Chinese medicine practitioners. They should not be used at will, and should not be used at will, let alone listening to Chinese medicine prescriptions and advertisements.
In addition, Dendrobium can also be used for daily health care. Common ways of consumption are as follows:
Make tea: Dendrobium can be soaked in water and drunk, which has the effects of nourishing yin and stomach, clearing heat and promoting body fluid.
Cold salad: Prepare 50g of fresh Dendrobium, wash and cut into sections, and wash and drain 400g of peanuts. Put salt, star anise, sand ginger, and appropriate amount of water in the pot and cook for a while.
Add Dendrobium and peanuts, boil over high heat, then turn to low heat and cook for 90 minutes until the peanuts become powder. It has the effects of nourishing yin, clearing heat, and relieving depression.
Note: People with spleen and stomach deficiency, loose stools, deficiency without fire, and thick and greasy tongue coating are prohibited from taking Dendrobium.
How to prepare Dendrobium?
. Dendrobium: Take the original medicinal materials, remove the fibrous roots and impurities, wash, moisten, cut into sections, and dry.
·Fresh Dendrobium: Take fresh Dendrobium, remove the fibrous roots, wash, wipe off the film, and cut into sections.
Istruzioni per i farmaci
Dendrobium is sweet and nourishing, so it should not be used early for febrile diseases; it can also help dampness, so it should not be taken by those who have not yet transformed from dampness to dryness.
What precautions should be taken when using Dendrobium?
It should not be used early for febrile diseases, and those with weak stomach and cold, and those with dampness and heat that have not yet transformed into dryness should not take Dendrobium.
·Fresh Dendrobium has a strong ability to clear heat and produce body fluids, and is often used by those who suffer from body fluid damage due to fever; generally, dry Dendrobium can be used for dry mouth caused by yin deficiency.
Donne incinte e in allattamento: se siete incinte, state pianificando una gravidanza o state allattando, informate tempestivamente il vostro medico e chiedete se è possibile utilizzare la medicina cinese per il trattamento.
·Bambini: la somministrazione dei farmaci ai bambini deve essere effettuata sotto la supervisione di un medico e di un adulto.
·Si prega di conservare correttamente i materiali medicinali e di non dare i propri materiali medicinali ad altri.
How to identify and use Dendrobium?
Dendrobium has different functions due to different varieties and origins. The ones with round stems and iron-green outer skin are called Dendrobium officinale, which has the best effect; while the ones with flat stems and yellow-green outer skin are called Dendrobium candidum, which has a poorer effect.
The ones produced in Huoshan, Anhui are called Huoshan Dendrobium, which is suitable for the elderly and weak people who have insufficient body fluids and are not suitable for severe cold; the “earring Dendrobium” made from the tender tips of Dendrobium can promote body fluid without being cold, and can be used as a tea substitute.