吴茱萸 – Evodia rutaecarpa | Wu Zhu Yu

吴茱萸 – Evodia rutaecarpa,wu zhu yu,rutaecarpine,evodiamine,evodia fruit,evodia herb,wu zhu yu benefits,wu zhu yu herb,Evodia rutaecarpa
[Medicinal Use] This product is the immature fruit of the plant Evodia rutaecarpa of the family Rutaceae.
[Nature and flavor and meridians] Pungent, bitter, very hot. Slightly toxic. Enters the liver, stomach, spleen, and kidney meridians.
[Effects] Warming the middle and relieving pain, relieving adverse reactions and stopping vomiting, and killing insects.
[Clinical Application] 1. Used for cold pain in the abdomen, pain in the back, hernia pain, beriberi pain, and abdominal pain during menstruation.
Evodia rutaecarpa warms and disperses depression, soothes the liver and warms the spleen, is good at relieving the stagnation of the Jueyin liver meridian, and has a good effect of promoting qi and relieving pain. For treating cold pain in the stomach and abdomen, it can be used with light dried ginger that warms the middle and dispels cold or Guangmuxiang that promotes qi and relieves pain; for treating cold hernia and lower abdominal pain, it can be used with Taiwuyao, fennel, and Chuanlianzi that regulate qi and relieve pain; for treating beriberi pain, it can be used with papaya that soothes the liver and activates collaterals. Because this product has excellent effects in dispelling cold and relieving pain, it is often used in combination with cinnamon twig, angelica, Chuanxiong and other products in clinical practice to treat cold pain in the lower abdomen of women and late menstruation. It can also be used with psoralea corylifolia, nutmeg and schisandra chinensis to treat spleen and kidney deficiency and cold, abdominal pain and diarrhea.
2. Used for liver and stomach disharmony, vomiting and salivation.
This product can soothe the liver and regulate qi, and has the function of descending the adverse and stopping vomiting, so it can be used to treat liver and stomach disharmony and vomiting and salivation, and can be used together with ginger and coptis chinensis.
In addition, according to recent experience, for the treatment of pinworm disease, three qian of light Wuyu can be used, add water to decoct and extract juice, take the first juice on the first night, take the second juice on the second night, and take three to five doses in a row.
[Prescription name] Wuyu, light Wuyu (soak one liang of liquorice decoction per catty of Wuyu until Wuyu cracks, and dry it in the sun. The pungent nature is slightly reduced.)
[General dosage and usage] 5 fen to 1.5 qian, decoct and take.
【Comments】1. Evodia rutaecarpa is bitter and hot. It can not only warm the middle and dispel cold, reduce adverse reactions and stop vomiting, but also relieve liver qi and depression, promote qi and stop pain. According to clinical experience, the two effects of pain relief and vomiting are the best. Evodia rutaecarpa is a commonly used medicine for stomach pain and headache caused by liver qi stagnation, and stomach pain and vomiting caused by liver and stomach disorders.
2. Evodia rutaecarpa is the main medicine of the Jueyin Liver Meridian. Although its nature is very hot, it can also be used with cold and cool medicines in the case of liver qi stagnation. For example, Zuojin Pills uses this product to assist Coptis chinensis to treat liver fire, mouth pain, vomiting and acid regurgitation; and Wuji Pills use this product in combination with Coptis chinensis and white peony root to treat diarrhea and abdominal pain.
3. The effect of this product in warming the middle and dispersing cold is similar to that of dried ginger. Therefore, when cold is stagnant in the middle jiao and there is cold pain in the abdomen, Evodia rutaecarpa and dried ginger are often used together. But dried ginger can still warm the upper part of the body and warm the lungs to transform fluid; Wu Yu can also warm the lower part of the body, warm the Jueyin meridian to treat cold hernia, and help kidney yang to treat cold diarrhea. This is the difference between the two medicines.
[Example of prescription] Wu Yu Tang “Treatise on Febrile Diseases”: Wu Yu, ginseng, jujube, ginger. Treat vomiting and abdominal distension, or dry retching and salivation, headache and epigastric pain, noisy acid swallowing, swallowing without red, and no fever.

Evodia rutaecarpa
Evodia rutaecarpa, a Chinese medicine name. It is the dried nearly mature fruit of Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth., Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth.var.officinalis (Dode) Huang or Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth.var.bodinieri (Dode) Huang of the Rutaceae family. It has the effects of dispelling cold and relieving pain, lowering adverse qi and stopping vomiting, and assisting yang and stopping diarrhea. It is mainly used to treat cold stagnation pain, stomach cold vomiting, and cold diarrhea.
Euodiae Fructus
Evodia rutaecarpa, Evodia rutaecarpa, Cha La, Qi La Zi, You La Zi, Qu Yao Zi, Qi La Zi
Nature and flavor meridians
Taste spicy, bitter, hot; enter the liver, spleen, stomach, and kidney meridians
Toxicity
Slightly toxic
Classification of medicinal materials
Plant
Function
Dispel cold and relieve pain, lower adverse qi and stop vomiting, assist yang and stop diarrhea
Indications
1. Pain caused by cold stagnation: This product is pungent, dispersing, bitter, and purging, and is hot and cold-dispelling. It mainly enters the liver meridian, which can disperse the cold evil in the liver meridian and relieve the stagnation of liver qi. It is the main medicine for treating pain caused by liver cold and qi stagnation.
2. Stomach cold and vomiting: This product is pungent, dispersing, bitter, and purging, and is hot and cold-dispelling. It can dispel cold and relieve pain, relieve liver depression, reduce adverse reactions and stop vomiting, and can also suppress acid and relieve pain.
3. Deficiency and cold diarrhea: This product is pungent and hot in nature, can warm the spleen and benefit the kidney, help yang and stop diarrhea, and is a commonly used medicine for treating spleen and kidney yang deficiency and diarrhea at dawn.
Usage and dosage
Oral: decoction, 1.5-4.5g. External use: appropriate amount.
Adverse reactions
1. When used in large quantities, Evodia rutaecarpa has an excitatory effect on the central nervous system and can cause visual impairment.
2. When poisoned, the main manifestations are vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, visual impairment, illusion, hair loss, and easy miscarriage in pregnant women.
3. To prevent poisoning, the dosage should be controlled.
4. The general treatment for poisoning is gastric lavage, catharsis, taking activated carbon powder; rehydration; in case of severe abdominal pain, subcutaneous injection of 1 mg of atropine sulfate; in case of visual impairment and hair loss, tissue therapy and supplementation of B vitamins can be used.
Taboos
1. Taboos of Chinese medicine compatibility:
(1) Polygonum fruit is used as a facilitator. It is incompatible with Salvia miltiorrhiza, saltpeter, and chalk. It is afraid of purple quartz.
(2) It should not be used with licorice. Evodia rutaecarpa alkaloids can react with glycyrrhizic acid to precipitate, reducing the efficacy of Evodia rutaecarpa.
2. Taboos of Chinese and Western medicine compatibility:
(1) Evodia rutaecarpa can dilate peripheral blood vessels and should not be used in combination with epinephrine and norepinephrine, as it can significantly counteract the pressor effect of the former.
(2) Diphenhydramine can counteract the antihypertensive effect of Evodia rutaecarpa, and the two should not be used together.
3. Dietary taboos: Avoid cold and damp things. Dislike oyster meat, avoid pig heart.
Precautions
This product is hot and dry, and it is easy to consume body fluid and stir up fire, so it is not suitable for frequent use or long-term use. People with yin deficiency and heat should not use it.
Chemical composition
Contains volatile oil, the oil mainly contains evodia rutaecarpine, ocimene, myrcene, evodia lactone, evodia lactone alcohol, etc. It also contains evodia acid, evodia amine, evodia pyrrolone, evodia essence, evodia bitter, etc.
Pharmacological effects
1. Effects on the digestive system: Evodia rutaecarpine decoction has an anti-gastric ulcer effect. Evodia rutaecarpine soup can reduce the amount of gastric juice secretion and reduce the acidity of gastric juice. Evodia rutaecarpine or Evodia rutaecarpine soup has an inhibitory effect on the spontaneous activity of the gastrointestinal tract. Evodia rutaecarpine or Evodia rutaecarpine decoction has an antiemetic and antidiarrheal effect. Evodia rutaecarpine soup has a liver-protecting effect.
2. Effects on the cardiovascular system: Evodia rutaecarpine soup has a rapid pressor effect, accompanied by a slow heart rate, and is a mixed stimulant for α and β receptors. The decoction also has a hypotensive effect. 20g/kg of Evodia rutaecarpa water extract can significantly prolong the time of thrombosis and has an anticoagulant effect. Evodia rutaecarpa decoction has the effects of strengthening the heart, improving microcirculation, and resisting shock.
3. Anti-pathogenic microbial effects: Evodia rutaecarpa decoction has a strong inhibitory effect on Vibrio cholerae; it has varying degrees of inhibitory effect on a variety of skin fungi. Evodia rutaecarpa decoction has antiviral and insecticidal effects.
4. In addition, Evodia rutaecarpa also has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, anti-amnesia, and uterine smooth muscle excitation effects.
Related discussion
1. “Compendium of Materia Medica”: “It can relieve depression and resolve stagnation, treat acid regurgitation, headache caused by phlegm in the Jueyin meridian, abdominal pain caused by yin poison, hernia, bloody diarrhea, throat, tongue and mouth sores.”
2. “Compendium of Materia Medica”: “Evodia rutaecarpa, pungent and warm, warms the spleen and stomach and dispels cold evil, so the middle part is warmed and the qi is lowered, and all symptoms are eliminated.”
Clinical application
1. Treat Jueyin headache, dry retching and salivation, white tongue coating and slow pulse, etc. It is often used together with ginger, ginseng, etc., such as Evodia rutaecarpa Decoction (Treatise on Febrile Diseases); Treat abdominal pain caused by cold hernia, often used with fennel, Chuanlianzi, costusroot, etc., such as Daoqi Decoction (Medical Prescriptions in Brief); Can treat dysmenorrhea caused by cold in the Chong and Ren meridians, blood stasis, and blockage, and can be used with cinnamon twig, angelica, Chuanxiong, etc., such as Wenjing Decoction (Golden Chamber Essentials); Treat swelling and pain caused by cold and damp foot, or rushing up into the abdomen, and can be used with papaya, perilla leaf, betel nut, etc., such as Jiming Powder (Classified Collection of Zhu’s Medical Prescriptions).
2. Treat abdominal pain caused by cholera, and vomiting, often used with dried ginger and licorice, such as Wuzhuyu Decoction (Shengji Zonglu); Can treat vomiting caused by external cold invading the inside, and stomach disharmony; Can treat liver depression and fire, liver and stomach disharmony, flank pain, bitter mouth, vomiting and acid regurgitation, and can be used with pinellia, ginger, etc., and combined with coptis, such as Zuojin Pills (Danxi’s Heart Method).
3. Commonly used medicine for treating spleen and kidney yang deficiency and diarrhea at dawn, it is often used with psoralea corylifolia, nutmeg, schisandra chinensis, etc., such as Sishen Pills (Annotated Prescriptions for Women).
Related combinations
1. Evodia rutaecarpa with ginger: Evodia rutaecarpa is good at warming the liver and dispersing cold, soothing the liver and lowering qi, and focusing on lowering adverse reactions; ginger is good at warming the stomach and dispersing cold, harmonizing the middle and stopping vomiting, and is biased towards promoting circulation. The combination of the two medicines enhances the effects of warming the stomach and lowering adverse reactions, dispersing cold and stopping vomiting. It is suitable for stomach cold vomiting, Jueyin headache, Shaoyin vomiting and diarrhea, etc.
2. Evodia rutaecarpa with dried ginger: Evodia rutaecarpa is good at warming the liver and dispersing cold, relieving depression and lowering adverse reactions, and lowering qi and stopping vomiting; dried ginger is good at strengthening spleen yang, warming the middle and stopping vomiting. The combination of the two medicines enhances the effects of warming the middle and dispersing cold, lowering adverse reactions and stopping pain. It is suitable for stomach cold abdominal pain, vomiting, noisy acid reflux, etc.
3. Evodia rutaecarpa with Chuanlianzi: Evodia rutaecarpa is pungent and warm, tends to relieve depression and lower qi; Chuanlianzi is bitter and cold, good at clearing heat and promoting qi. The combination of the two medicines enhances the effect of relieving depression, promoting qi and relieving pain. It is suitable for flank, abdominal pain, hernia pain, etc. caused by cold and heat stagnation, liver and stomach disharmony.
4. Evodia rutaecarpa with fennel: Evodia rutaecarpa is good at dispersing cold and relieving pain, soothing the liver and lowering qi; fennel is good at warming the kidney and liver, promoting qi and relieving pain. The combination of the two medicines enhances the effect of warming the liver, dispersing cold, promoting qi and relieving pain. It is suitable for cold stagnation of liver meridians, hernia pain, etc.
5. Evodia rutaecarpa with Schisandra chinensis: Evodia rutaecarpa is good at warming the middle and drying dampness; Schisandra chinensis is good at astringing and consolidating. The combination of the two medicines has the effect of warming the middle and removing dampness, astringing the intestines and stopping diarrhea. It is suitable for diarrhea at dawn due to spleen and kidney yang deficiency, etc.
6. Evodia rutaecarpa with Angelica sinensis: Evodia rutaecarpa is good at warming the meridians, dispelling cold and relieving pain; Angelica sinensis is good at replenishing blood, activating blood circulation, regulating menstruation and relieving pain. The combination of the two medicines enhances the effects of warming the meridians, dispelling cold, regulating menstruation and relieving pain. It is suitable for delayed menstruation, small amount, dark color, cold pain in the lower abdomen and hernia pain caused by coldness in the uterus of women.
7. Evodia rutaecarpa with Codonopsis pilosula: Evodia rutaecarpa is good at soothing the liver, regulating qi and relieving depression, warming the middle and lower qi and stopping vomiting; Codonopsis pilosula is good at nourishing the spleen and stomach, and strengthening the middle qi. The combination of the two medicines has the effects of soothing the liver and strengthening the stomach, harmonizing the stomach and stopping vomiting. It is suitable for vomiting, chest fullness or dry retching, spitting saliva, headache, etc. caused by coldness in the liver and stomach, and turbid yin.
Differentiation of medication
1. Raw Evodia rutaecarpa, processed Evodia rutaecarpa, and salt-processed Evodia rutaecarpa: Raw Evodia rutaecarpa is mostly used externally, mainly contains volatile oils, is good at dispelling cold and dampness, and is used for mouth sores, hypertension, eczema, toothache, etc. However, because it is pungent and hot and slightly toxic, it should be used with caution in clinical practice. Various processing methods have a detoxifying effect on Evodia rutaecarpa, which is often taken orally. The volatile oil components of Evodia rutaecarpa before and after processing were analyzed. The results showed that after frying, baking and sun-drying, the relative content of volatile oil components in raw and processed products of Evodia rutaecarpa changed slightly, but there was no disappearance of components or generation of new compounds, indicating that the three different processing methods had no qualitative effect on the volatile oil. Processed Evodia rutaecarpa has the effects of dispelling cold and relieving pain, lowering adverse reactions and stopping vomiting, and assisting yang and stopping diarrhea. It is mostly used for headache of Jueyin meridians, abdominal pain during menstruation, and cold pain in the abdomen. Vomiting and acid swallowing, abdominal pain in cold hernia, cold and damp foot, and diarrhea at dawn. The volatile oil components of salt-processed Evodia rutaecarpa are only half of the raw content. Salt can soften hard masses and reduce swelling, so salt processing has the effect of dispelling cold and relieving pain, and is suitable for hernia pain.
2. Evodia rutaecarpa and dried ginger: Both medicines are pungent and hot, and belong to the spleen and stomach meridians. They both have the function of warming the middle and dispelling cold. They can be used to treat cold pain in the abdomen, vomiting, and diarrhea caused by deficiency cold in the middle jiao. The difference is: Evodia rutaecarpa belongs to the liver and kidney meridians, and has a small toxicity. It can also disperse the cold evil of the liver meridian and relieve the stagnation of liver qi. It is an important medicine for treating liver cold and qi stagnation. In addition, it can also help yang and stop diarrhea, treat spleen and kidney yang deficiency, and diarrhea at dawn. Ganjiang belongs to the heart and lung meridians, and can restore yang and dredge the meridians, warm the lungs and transform fluid, and is used to treat yang loss syndrome, cold fluid cough and asthma, and cold body.
3. Evodia rutaecarpa and Aconite: Both medicines are pungent and hot, belong to the spleen meridian, can warm the spleen and dispel cold, help yang and stop diarrhea, and can be used for diarrhea caused by spleen and kidney yang deficiency. However, Evodia rutaecarpa belongs to the liver and stomach meridians, and has a small toxicity. It can also disperse the cold evil of the liver meridian and relieve the stagnation of liver qi. It is an important medicine for treating liver cold and qi stagnation. At the same time, it can also reduce acid and stop pain, and is used to treat liver and stomach disharmony, abdominal distension and pain, vomiting and acid swallowing, etc. Aconite is also in the heart and kidney meridians, and is highly toxic. It is the first choice for reviving yang and rescuing adverse conditions, so it is the first choice for treating yang deficiency syndrome. It is good at replenishing fire and supporting yang, and can treat impotence, cold uterus, enuresis, frequent urination, yang deficiency edema, exogenous infection, spontaneous sweating, chest pain, etc. due to the decline of life gate fire. Aconite is good at expelling wind, cold and dampness, warming the meridians and relieving pain, and dispersing numbness. Therefore, it can also be used for yang deficiency, excessive cold and dampness, joint pain, and severe cold and arthralgia.
4. Evodia rutaecarpa and papaya: Both medicines enter the liver and spleen meridians, and are used for cold and damp athlete’s foot, swelling and numbness. However, Evodia rutaecarpa is pungent, dispersing, bitter and descending, with high heat and dryness, and is good at warming the liver, dispersing cold and relieving pain, soothing the liver, descending qi and relieving counterflow, and can warm the spleen, dry dampness and warm the kidney, so it disperses the cold evil of the Jueyin meridian and descends the turbid Yin counterflow qi to treat liver and stomach deficiency and cold, turbid Yin counterflow, severe pain at the top of the head, dry retching, Jueyin headache with saliva, hernia pain caused by cold stagnation in the liver meridian, Chong and Ren deficiency and cold, blood stasis, irregular menstruation, cold pain in the lower abdomen, etc. Evodia rutaecarpa can also soothe the liver, regulate qi and relieve depression, warm the middle and descend qi to stop vomiting, and reduce acid and relieve pain, so it can be used to treat cold pain in the abdomen caused by liver cold invading the stomach, acid regurgitation, liver depression turning into fire, liver fire invading the stomach, side pain and bitter taste in the mouth, vomiting and sourness, etc. Evodia rutaecarpa can both warm the spleen and dispel cold, and assist yang and stop diarrhea, so it can also be used for diarrhea caused by spleen and stomach deficiency and cold, spleen and kidney yang deficiency, and diarrhea at dawn. Papaya is sour in taste and enters the liver, nourishes tendons and harmonizes blood, so it has the function of relaxing tendons and activating collaterals, removing numbness and relieving pain. It is a commonly used medicine for treating rheumatic arthralgia, especially for dampness and tendon spasm. Papaya is also used for warming and fragrance, and for removing dampness. It removes dampness in the middle jiao and wakes up the spleen and harmonizes the middle. If the spleen is healthy, diarrhea can be stopped, and if the stomach is harmonized, vomiting can be eliminated. It can also calm the liver, relax tendons and activate collaterals, and relieve urgency, so it is often used to treat vomiting, diarrhea and cramps. In addition, it also has the function of digesting food and producing body fluid, so it can also be used for food accumulation, indigestion, insufficient stomach fluid, dry tongue and thirst.
5. Evodia rutaecarpa and Asarum: Both medicines are spicy and warm, slightly toxic, and can dispel cold and relieve pain, and are used to treat headaches. Evodia rutaecarpa mainly enters the liver meridian, dispels the cold evil of the liver meridian, and relieves the stagnation of liver qi. It is used to treat headaches at the top of the Jueyin liver meridian, and pains caused by cold stagnation of the liver meridian. It can also dry dampness and assist yang, soothe the liver and lower qi, and treat abdominal pain caused by cold hernia, vomiting and acid regurgitation caused by liver and stomach disharmony, swelling and pain caused by cold and damp foot, chronic diarrhea caused by yang deficiency, cold pain in the abdomen, dysmenorrhea caused by cold menstruation, and irregular menstruation. Asarum mainly enters the kidney meridian, and treats headaches and toothaches caused by Shaoyin kidney meridian, and arthralgia. It can also dispel cold and relieve symptoms, open the orifices, warm the lungs and transform fluid, and treat colds, external infection caused by yang deficiency, headaches caused by sinusitis, cold phlegm and fluid retention, and cough caused by qi reversal and wheezing. Blowing the nose to induce sneezing has the function of clearing the orifices and refreshing the mind, and treats the symptoms of nausea, phlegm syncope, fainting, pale complexion, and clenched jaws.
Related drugs
Compound berberine tablets, Sishen pills (tablets), Wuji pills, Xiaoer Jianpi plaster, Sifang stomach tablets.
Related prescriptions
Zuojin Pills (Danxi Xinfa), Wuzhuyu Decoction (Treatise on Febrile Diseases), Danggui Sini plus Wuzhuyu ginger soup (Treatise on Febrile Diseases), Wenjing Decoction (Golden Chamber Synopsis), Xianglian Pills (Hejijufang).
Medicinal diet therapy
Evodia rutaecarpa porridge:
1. Efficacy: tonifying spleen and warming stomach, warming the middle and dispersing cold, relieving pain and vomiting. Suitable for menstrual cramps of deficiency and cold type, vomiting and acid vomiting.
2. Raw materials: 2 grams of Evodia rutaecarpa, 50 grams of polished rice, 2 slices of ginger, 2 scallions.
3. Method: Grind Evodia rutaecarpa into fine powder, cook porridge with polished rice first, add Evodia rutaecarpa powder, ginger and scallions after the rice is cooked, and cook them into porridge.
4. Usage: 2 times a day, warm in the morning and evening.
Harvesting and processing
In August-November, when the fruit has not yet cracked, cut off the fruit branches, dry them in the sun or at low temperature, and remove impurities such as branches, leaves, and fruit stalks. Use it after being processed with licorice soup.
Processing method
1. Evodia rutaecarpa: Take the original medicinal materials, remove impurities and fruit stalks and branches.
2. Processing Evodia rutaecarpa: Take clean licorice slices and put them in a pot, add water (1:5) and boil twice, remove the residue, add Evodia rutaecarpa while hot and mix well, moisten it slightly until all the juice is absorbed, stir-fry it with slow fire, take it out and cool it down. For every 100kg of Evodia rutaecarpa, use 6kg of licorice.
3. Stir-fried Evodia rutaecarpa with salt: Take clean Evodia rutaecarpa in an appropriate container, add salt water and mix well, moisten it slightly until it is completely moistened, put it in a pot, stir-fry it with slow fire until it cracks, and take it out and cool it down when it is slightly bulging. For every 100kg of Evodia rutaecarpa, use 2kg of salt.
4. Coptis chinensis processed Evodia rutaecarpa: Take clean Coptis chinensis slices or pieces, put them in a pot, add appropriate amount of water to boil, remove Coptis chinensis residue, put in clean Evodia rutaecarpa, steam until Coptis chinensis absorbs all the water, stir-fry until slightly dry, take out and dry. For every 100kg of Evodia rutaecarpa, use 12kg of Coptis chinensis.
5. Wine-fried Evodia rutaecarpa: Take clean Evodia rutaecarpa and mix them with rice wine, steam until the wine is exhausted, put them in a pot, stir-fry until it cracks, take them out and let them cool. For every 100kg of Evodia rutaecarpa, use 20kg of rice wine.
6. Vinegar-fried Evodia rutaecarpa: Take clean Evodia rutaecarpa and mix them with vinegar, steam until the vinegar is exhausted, put them in a pot, stir-fry until it cracks, take them out and let them cool. For every 100kg of Evodia rutaecarpa, use 18kg of rice vinegar.
7. Ginger-processed Evodia rutaecarpa: Take clean Evodia rutaecarpa and mix them with ginger juice, stir-fry until it is dry. For every 100kg of Evodia rutaecarpa, use 25kg of ginger.
Storage method
Store in dry containers, and seal the processed Evodia rutaecarpa, salt-fried Evodia rutaecarpa, processed Evodia rutaecarpa with coptis root, fried Evodia rutaecarpa with wine, fried Evodia rutaecarpa with vinegar, and processed Evodia rutaecarpa with ginger in a cool and dry place.
Identification
1. The powder of this product is brown. The non-glandular hairs have 2-6 cells, 140-350μm long, with obvious wall warts, and some cell cavities contain brown-yellow to brown-red substances. The head of the glandular hairs has 7-14 cells, which are oval and often contain yellow-brown inclusions; the stalk has 2-5 cells. There are many clusters of calcium oxalate crystals, with a diameter of 10-25μm; occasionally there are square crystals. The stone cells are round or rectangular, with a diameter of 35-70μm and a large cell cavity. Oil chamber fragments are sometimes visible, light yellow.
2. Take 0.4g of the powder of this product, add 10ml of ethanol, let it stand for 30 minutes, ultrasonicate for 30 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Take another reference substance of evodiamine and evodiamine, add ethanol to make solutions containing 0.2mg and 1.5mg per ml respectively, as reference solution, test according to thin layer chromatography (general rule 0502), take 2μl of each of the above three solutions, spot them on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, use petroleum ether (60-90℃)-ethyl acetate-triethylamine (7:3:0.1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and examine under ultraviolet light (365m). In the chromatogram of the test sample, at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the reference substance, a fluorescent spot of the same color appears.
Medicinal material properties
Fruit Spherical or slightly pentagonal flat spherical, 2-5mm in diameter. The surface is dark green-yellow to brown, rough, with many dot-like protrusions or concave oil spots. There is a five-pointed star-shaped crack at the top, and there are calyx and fruit stalks at the base, covered with yellow hairs. It is hard and brittle. The aroma is strong and the taste is spicy and bitter. The ones that are full, green and fragrant are the best.
Properties of decoction pieces
1. Evodia rutaecarpa: See the “medicinal materials” item.
2. Processed Evodia rutaecarpa: the color deepens and the smell is slightly lighter.
3. Salt-fried Evodia rutaecarpa: the surface is burnt black, the color is strong and fragrant, the taste is spicy, and it is slightly bitter and salty.
4. Coptis chinensis processed Evodia rutaecarpa: the surface is yellow-brown, the aroma is fragrant, and the taste is bitter.
5. Wine-fried Evodia rutaecarpa: cracked, the color deepens and there is a slight smell of wine.
6. Vinegar-fried Evodia rutaecarpa: cracked, the surface is dark brown, and there is a slight smell of vinegar.
7. Ginger-processed Evodia: When cracked, the color deepens and has a ginger smell.
Common counterfeits
Adulterated products:
1. Evodia rutaecarpa: The dried fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. melonoma (Hand.-Maz) Huang, a plant of the Rutaceae family. It is slightly flattened and spherical, with varying sizes and a diameter of about 10mm. The exocarp is green-brown or dark-brown, with scattered protruding glandular dots on the surface, and the meriocarps are often 45 (some of which are undeveloped), and most of the meriocarps are not split to the base when viewed from the top; the endocarp is light yellow and smooth, and is separated from the exocarp by the base. Each meriocarp has 1 black seed, and the surface is wrinkled and most of them have fallen off. It tastes spicy.
2. Pepper: The fruit of ZanthoxylumschinifoliumSiel.etZune, a plant of the Rutaceae family. There are usually 2-3 schizocarps, the exocarp is yellowish brown or yellowish green, rough, with many small pits (oil chambers) scattered around, and the schizocarps have short beak-like tips at the top; the endocarp is light yellow, smooth, and curled upward from the base to separate from the exocarp. Each schizocarp contains a black, shiny seed, which has mostly fallen off.
Plant species
Rutaceae Evodia rutaecarpa, Evodia rutaecarpa and Evodia rutaecarpa.
Morphological characteristics
1. Evodia rutaecarpa: evergreen wood or small tree, 3-10m high. The bark is grayish brown, the young branches are purple-brown, with small round lenticels; the young branches, leaf axes and flower axes are all covered with rusty hairs. Odd-pinnate compound leaves are opposite, 20-40m long including petiole; petiole is 4-8cm long, petiolules are 2-5mm long; leaflets are 5-9, elliptic to ovate, 5.5-15cm long, 3-7cm wide, apex suddenly narrowed to a short tip, base wedge-shaped to broadly cuneate or rounded, entire or with inconspicuous blunt serrations, lateral veins are inconspicuous, both sides are covered with light yellow-brown long soft hairs, especially on veins, with obvious oil spots, thick paper or papery. Dioecious, thyrsoid panicle, terminal; sturdy rachis, yellow-brown long soft hairs, 2 small opposite bracts in the shape of leaflets at the base of the rachis; 5 sepals, broadly ovate, about 1-2mm long, short soft hairs; 5 petals, white, oblong, 4-6mm long; male flowers with 5 stamens, inserted on a very small disc, anthers base-fixed, elliptical, short and thick filaments, hairs, reduced ovary apex 4-5 cracks; female flowers with larger petals than male petals, reduced stamens scale-like, ovary superior, oblong, 5 carpels, widened to oblate after flowering, with thick glandular dots, short and thick style, 4-5 shallow cracks at the stigma apex. Fruits are oblate, split into 5 fruit petals when mature, follicle-like, purple-red, with thick oil gland dots on the surface, and each sub-fruit has 1 seed, black and shiny. Flowering period is June-August, and fruiting period is September-October.
2. Shihu: This variant is very similar to the original species. The difference is that the variant has a special pungent smell. There are 3-11 leaflets, the leaves are narrow, oblong to narrow lanceolate, with acuminate or long acuminate tips, the leaflets are far apart, the lateral veins are obvious, the entire margin, both sides are densely covered with long soft hairs, the densest on the veins, and the oil glands are thick. The axis of the inflorescence is often covered with light yellow or colorless long soft hairs. The mature fruit sequence is not as dense as the original species. The seeds are blue-black. Flowering period is July-August, and the fruiting period is September-October.
3. Sparse hair Evodia rutaecarpa: Similar to the above species. The twigs are covered with sparse long hairs of yellow rust or silky quality. The rachis is covered with long soft hairs; the leaflets are 5-11, and the leaf shape varies greatly, oblong, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, the midrib on the upper surface is slightly covered with sparse short hairs, the lower veins are covered with short soft hairs, the lateral veins are clear, and the oil glands are small. Flowering period is July-August, and fruiting period is September-October.
Distribution area
1. Evodia rutaecarpa: distributed in Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Taiwan.
2. Stone tiger: distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, and Guizhou.
3. Sparse hair Evodia rutaecarpa: distributed in Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Guizhou.
Authentic production area
Mainly produced in Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Sichuan, and other places.
Growth environment
1. Evodia rutaecarpa: grows in low-altitude sunny sparse forests or open areas on the edge of forests.
2. Stone tiger: grows in the jungle on the hillside.
3. Sparse hair Evodia rutaecarpa: grows on the roadside of the village and in the grass on the hillside.
Growth practice
Prefers warm and humid climates, and cannot tolerate cold and dryness. It is advisable to choose sandy loam and humus loam with sufficient sunlight, deep soil, looseness, fertility and good drainage; low-lying waterlogged land is not suitable for cultivation.
Reproduction method
Use seeds, division and cuttings for reproduction.
Cultivation technology
1. Seed reproduction: Take plants with strong tree vigor and many fruits, harvest them after the fruits are ripe, dry them in the shade, and avoid sun exposure, otherwise the seeds will easily lose their germination ability. In spring sowing, in late March to early April, use the strip cutting method, dig a furrow with a row spacing of 15-20cm, 3-5cm deep, sow the seeds evenly, cover them with a thin layer of fine soil, cover them with a layer of grass, and water them to keep them moist. Now it is rarely used in production because of its slow reproduction speed.
2. Division reproduction: In late December, you can dig up the topsoil of the lateral roots at a distance of 0.6m from the mother plant to expose the thicker lateral roots, cut a wound every 7cm or so, and then cover them with soil and apply manure. Seedlings grow out of the wound in spring. When the seedlings grow up, they can be separated from the mother plant.
3. Cutting propagation: Branch cutting method, in November-December or January-February before the plant sprouts, cut 1-2 year old strong branches as cuttings, 20-25cm long, with 3-4 buds, cut both ends into bevels, and cut them into the seedbed, 5-10cm above the ground, cover with a layer of grass, pay attention to watering and shade. Rooting takes about 1-2 months after cutting. Transplant the seedlings at a height of 30cm in the second year. Root cutting method, select trees 4-6 years old, around early February, select thicker lateral roots, cut into 15-18cm small sections as cuttings, dig holes according to the row spacing of 15cm×15cm, insert a section obliquely in each hole, cover with soil, and water. Seedlings can be transplanted in the second year of seedling cultivation. The transplanting time is March-April or November-December. Dig holes with a row spacing of (1.5-2) m×(1.5-2) m, with a hole diameter of 60 cm and a depth of 45 cm. Apply decomposed manure, dip the roots of the seedlings in yellow mud and plant them, cover the soil, compact and water them.
Disease and insect control
1. Sooty mold, kill the infectious source in May-June, spray 1:1:200 times Bordeaux liquid.
2. Rust, spray 0.2-0.3 degrees of Baume lime sulfur or 100 times of 25% triadimefon when the disease occurs in mid-May. There are also resin diseases and other harms.
3. Brown longhorn beetle, harms from July to October, the larvae bore into the trunk and eat the wood, which can be caught manually.
4. Orange swallowtail butterfly, in March, the larvae bite buds, young leaves or bite into notches and holes, and can be sprayed with 300 times Bt emulsion. Aphids, red wax scale insects and other pests are also present.