Lithospermum – Zi Cao

Lithospermum – zi cao,Lithospermum officinale,ARNEBIAE RADIX,lithospermum erythrorhizon,zi cao herb,radix arnebiae,zi cao chinese herb,zi cao tcm,Lithospermum
[Medicinal Use] This product is the root of Lithospermum genus and Xinjiang Lithospermum.
[Nature, flavor and meridians] Sweet, cold. Enters the heart and liver meridians.
[Efficacy] Cool blood, detoxify, and clear up rash.
[Clinical Application] It is used for the symptoms of measles and other febrile diseases such as macules that are opaque due to excessive blood heat and toxins, or rashes that are not red and lively.
This product is cold in nature and has the functions of clearing away heat and cooling the blood, detoxifying, and clearing up rashes. Therefore, it can be used to treat symptoms such as blood heat and toxic substances, measles and macules, and can be combined with cicada, burdock, forsythia, schizonepeta, etc. Application: If the rash appears and is very dark in color, dark purple but not red, this is also a symptom of excessive heat and poison in the blood, and it is necessary to use cooling and detoxifying drugs such as paeonol, red peony root, Yinhua, and Lianqiao.
In addition, trying this product to prevent measles can alleviate the symptoms of measles or reduce the incidence of measles.
[Prescription name] Lithospermum, Lithospermum root, Lithospermum antler, old Lithospermum (wash, kill and slice)
[General dosage and usage] 1 to 3 qian, decoct and take.
[Examples of prescriptions] Lithospermum Kuaiban Decoction “Principles of Syndrome and Treatment”: Lithospermum sinensis, ginseng, Atractylodes macrocephala, poria, licorice, angelica, Chuanxiong, peony, glutinous rice. Treat acne rashes with insufficient blood and vitality, hair that cannot penetrate, and color that is not red or lively.
Lithospermum disinfectant drink “Zhang’s Medical Guide”: Lithospermum, black beans, mung beans, adzuki beans. Prevent measles.
Where are the main origins of comfrey?
This product is Arnebia euchroma, a plant of the Boragaceae family.
Excavate in spring and autumn, remove sediment, and dry (Royle) Johnst. or dry roots of Arnebia quttata Bunge.
Can
【Character】
Xinjiang Lithospermum (Soft Lithospermum) has an irregular long cylindrical shape, many twists, 7~20cm long and 1~2.5cm in diameter. The surface is purple-red or purple-brown, and the skin is loose and strip-shaped, often with more than 10 overlapping layers and easy to peel off. Different stem residues are visible at the top. The body is light, soft, easy to break, the cross section is irregular, the wood is small, yellowish white or yellow. The smell is peculiar and the taste is slightly bitter and astringent.
Lithospermum Inner Mongolia is conical or cylindrical, twisted, 6~20cm long and 0.5~4cm in diameter. The root head is slightly thicker, with 1 or more residual stems at the top, covered with short bristles. The surface is purple-red or dark purple, and the skin is slightly thin, with constant layers stacked on top of each other and easy to peel off. It is hard and brittle, easy to break, has a neat cross-section, the skin is purple-red, and the wood is small and yellow-white. The smell is peculiar and the taste is astringent.
【ਪਛਾਣ】
(1) The pink color is not deep purple-red. Non-glandular trichome single cell, 13~56um in diameter, the base is enlarged into a trumpet shape, the wall has vertical thin stripes, some cells contain purple-red pigment, the suberized cells are reddish brown, the surface is polygonal or rounded polygonal, containing Purple-red pigment. There are many parenchyma cells, light brown or colorless, mostly filled with purple-red pigment. The main ducts are reticulated ducts, and there are rarely ducts with edged pits, with a diameter of 7~110um.
(2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 20ml of petroleum ether (60~90%), ultrasonic treatment for 20 minutes, filter, and concentrate the filtrate to 1m!, as the test solution. Take another 0.5g of the Lithospermum control medicinal material and prepare the reference medicinal material solution in the same way. According to the thin layer chromatography (General Chapter 0502) test, absorb 44l of each of the two solutions, and spot them on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, using cyclohexane-toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid (5:5:0.5:0.1) As a developing agent, unfold, take out, and dry. In the chromatogram of the test product, the same purple-red spots appear at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material; then spray 10% potassium hydroxide methanol solution, and the spots turn blue.
【examine】
Moisture content must not exceed 15.0% (General Rule 0832 Second Method).
[Content determination] Take an appropriate amount of the total pigment of hydroxynaphthoquinone, dry it at 50℃ for 3 hours, crush it (pass through No. 3 sieve), take about 0.5g, weigh it accurately, put it in a 100ml measuring bottle, add ethanol to the mark, 4 Shake and filter from time to time within hours. Precisely measure 5 ml of the additional filtrate, place it in a 25 ml measuring bottle, add ethanol to the mark, and shake well. According to UV-visible spectrophotometry (General Chapter 0401), measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 516nm, and calculate it based on the absorption coefficient (E1%1cm) of L-shikonin (C16H1605) of 242.
This product contains hydroxynaphthoquinone. The total pigment, calculated as L-Shikonin (C16H1605), shall not be less than 0.80%.
B,B’-Dimethacryloylakanin was measured according to high performance liquid chromatography (General Chapter 0512). Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test: Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel is used as the filler; acetonitrile-water-formic acid (70:30:0.05) is used as the mobile phase; the detection wavelength is 275nm. The number of theoretical boards is B, B-
The peak calculation of methacryloyl akanine should not be less than 2000.
Preparation of reference substance solution: Take an appropriate amount of B, B-dimethacryloyl akanine reference substance, weigh it accurately, add ethanol to make a solution containing 0.1mg per 1ml, and you can get it. Preparation of test solution: Take about 0.5g of this product powder (passed through No. 4 sieve), weigh it accurately, place it in a stoppered Erlenmeyer flask, add 25ml of petroleum ether (60~90℃) accurately, weigh it, and conduct ultrasonic treatment (Power 250W, frequency 33kH2) for 30 minutes, let cool, weigh again, use petroleum ether (60~90℃) to make up for the lost weight, shake well and filter. Precisely measure 10 ml of the additional filtrate, evaporate to dryness, add mobile phase to dissolve the residue, transfer to a 10 ml volumetric flask, add mobile phase to the mark, shake, filter, and take the additional filtrate.
The measurement method is to accurately absorb 10m each of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and measure.
Calculated as a dry product, this product contains no less than 0.30% of β, β-dimethacryloyl akanine (C21H2206).
Drinking pieces
[Processed]
Remove impurities from Xinjiang Lithospermum and cut into thick slices or segments.
Remove impurities from Inner Mongolia Lithospermum, wash, moisten, cut into thin slices, and dry.
Xinjiang Lithospermum slices are irregular cylindrical slices or strips with a diameter of 1~2.5cm. Purple or purplish brown. The skin is dark purple. Cylindrical slices with smaller xylem. Yellow-white or yellow Inner Mongolian Lithospermum slices are irregular cylindrical slices or strip-shaped slices, some with short bristles visible, 0.5~4cm in diameter, hard and brittle. Purple or purplish brown. The skin is dark purple. Cylindrical slices, small wood, yellowish white or yellow.
【Identification】【Inspection】【Content Determination】
Same medicinal materials.
【Nature, flavor and meridian tropism】
Sweet, salty, cold. Guixin, liver meridian.
Functions and Indications]
Clears away heat and cools blood, activates blood circulation and detoxifies, clears rash and eliminates spots. Used for blood heat and poison, purple and black spots, opaque measles, sores, rashes, water and fire burns.
【Usage and dosage)
5~10g. For external use, make an appropriate amount, boil it into ointment or soak it in vegetable oil and apply it on it.
【ਸਟੋਰੇਜ】
Store in a dry place.
How is comfrey recorded in ancient historical books?
“Herbal Classic”: “It governs evil qi in the heart and abdomen, the five kinds of jaundice, nourishes the middle and replenishes qi, sharpens the nine orifices, and clears water channels.
“Ben Cao Tu Jing”: “To treat typhoid fever and sores that do not come out, use this as medicine to make them come out.
“Compendium of Materia Medica·Volume 12”: “Cure macules, acne poisons, activate blood, cool blood, and benefit the large intestine.” “Lithospermum, its function is better at cooling blood, activating blood, and benefiting the large and small intestines. Therefore, the acne rash is about to come out, but the blood is hot.” It should be used if the stool is heavy and the stool is tight and purple. It can also be used if the stool is purplish and black. It should be avoided if the stool is red and loose. It should be avoided if the stool is white.
Function and efficacy
Lithospermum has the effects of clearing away heat and cooling blood, activating blood circulation and detoxifying, clearing rashes and eliminating spots.
What are the main functions and clinical applications of comfrey?
Lithospermum is used for excessive blood heat and poison, purple-black macules, opaque measles, sores, eczema, and water and fire burns.
Blood heat and poison, macula measles
For the treatment of freckles caused by heat poisoning and dark purple rashes, it can be used equally with peony, cicada slough, and licorice.
For the treatment of measles that is opaque, purple and dark in color, and has a swollen and painful throat, it can be used with burdock, mountain tonka root, and forsythia suspensa. .Sores, eczema, water and fire burns
To treat the initial onset of sores, redness, swelling, heat and pain, it can be used equally with honeysuckle, forsythia and dandelion.
It can be used to treat ulcers and pus without removing them. It can be used equally with Angelica dahurica, Angelica sinensis, and Blood root.
To treat eczema and itching, it can be used equally with Coptis chinensis and Cortex Phellodendron.
To treat burns and scalds, it can be used equally with borneol, coptis, and licorice.
What other benefits does comfrey have?
Commonly used medicinal recipes for comfrey are as follows:
· Constipation: Cook an appropriate amount of fresh sunflower leaves as a side dish.
·Short red urine: 60g of fresh sunflower seeds, decoct into soup instead of tea and take frequently.
Depressed by accumulation of heat in the chest and diaphragm: 60g of fresh sunflower seed, add wine to the thick decoction and take it warmly.
·Pain in joints of hands and feet: 30g of fresh sunflower stems, 1 pig trotter or 1 old hen (removed head, feet, internal organs), simmer half and half with appropriate amounts of water and wine.
·Cough: 30g Luokui, 15g mulberry leaves, 3g mint, decoction in water.
·Multiple abscesses: 30g of Luokui, boiled in water and mixed with rice wine.
Note: The use of Chinese herbal medicines must be based on syndrome differentiation and treatment, and should be used under the guidance of professional Chinese medicine practitioners. They should not be used at will, let alone listen to traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions and advertisements.
What are the compound preparations containing comfrey?
Lithospermum ointment
It resolves decay and promotes muscle growth, detoxifies and relieves pain. It is used for ulcers caused by the accumulation of heat and poison. The symptoms include pain on the sore surface, vivid color of the sore, and almost all pus and rot.
white eclipse pill
Replenishes the liver and kidneys, activates blood circulation and removes blood stasis, nourishes blood and dispels wind. It is used for vitiligo caused by liver and kidney deficiency, blood deficiency and wind. The symptoms are milky white, mostly symmetrical, with clear boundaries. The disease course is long-term, accompanied by dizziness, waist and knee pain.
Purple flower burn ointment
Clears away heat and cools blood, removes blood stasis and detoxifies, relieves pain and promotes muscle growth. Used for burns and scalds below 1st degree. Compound Qingdai Pills
Clears away heat and cools blood, detoxifies and eliminates spots. It is used for white scars and hemorrhagic sores caused by blood heat. Symptoms include bright red rash, obvious cribriform bleeding, abundant scales, and obvious itching, or the rash is round or oval erythema with bran-like scales and mother spots. ; Those with advanced psoriasis and pityriasis rosea with the above syndromes.
Lithospermum fast spot soup
Cool blood and penetrate spots. Mainly suitable for people with acne that is not red and cannot be erupted
Modern research progress on Lithospermum
Modern research results show that this product has various pharmacological effects such as anti-pathogenic microorganisms, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and anti-tumor.
How to use
Lithospermum can be taken internally or externally. Please follow your doctor’s advice for specific usage and dosage.
How to use comfrey correctly?
When comfrey decoction is taken orally, the usual dosage is 5~10g.
For external use, take an appropriate amount of lithospermum, boil it into an ointment or soak it in vegetable oil and apply it on it.
Lithospermum is generally taken in decoction and decoction, but it can also be made into powder or pills. However, the use of Chinese medicinal materials requires syndrome differentiation and treatment, and should be used under the guidance of professional Chinese medicine practitioners. They should not be used at will, let alone listen to traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions and advertisements.
How to prepare comfrey?
Soft Lithospermum (Xinjiang Lithospermum): Take the original medicinal materials, remove sand and stones, remove impurities, spray with moisture, slightly moisten, cut into thick slices or middle sections, and dry. Hard Lithospermum (Lithospermum spp., Inner Mongolia Lithospermum): Take the original medicine, remove the remaining stems and other impurities, wash, moisten, cut into thin slices, and dry
Which drugs require special attention when using Lithospermum at the same time?
The combined use of traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese and Western medicine requires syndrome differentiation and clinical individualized treatment. If you are using other medicines, please consult a doctor before taking medicine, and inform the doctor of all your diagnosed diseases and the treatment plans you are receiving.
Medication instructions
Lithospermum is cold in nature and slippery, so it can be used by people with spleen deficiency and loose stools.
What precautions should be taken when using comfrey?
·During the medication period, you should pay attention to avoid eating cold, raw and cold foods, avoid eating spicy and greasy foods, and avoid smoking and alcohol.
This product has a peculiar odor and slightly bitter and astringent taste. The ones with soft texture and purple color are better. For raw use.
Pregnant and lactating women: If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding, please inform your doctor in time and ask whether you can treat it with traditional Chinese medicine.
treatment.
·Children: Medication for children must be done under the guidance of a doctor and adult supervision.
Please keep the medicinal materials properly and do not give the medicinal materials you use to others. .
Avoid using copper or iron utensils to cook medicine. .
Medication Tips
Precautions for Lithospermum Baby Ointment
Lithospermum baby ointment has the effects of clearing away heat, activating blood circulation and moisturizing the skin. Used for the treatment and prevention of mild infantile buttock erythema (diaper rash). The following are the precautions for using Lithospermum baby ointment:
·Before taking the medicine, parents of children are asked to read the instructions carefully to clarify the indications, contraindications, usage and dosage, precautions, etc., and give the medicine to their children in strict accordance with the instructions, or follow the doctor’s instructions.
It is prohibited to use this product if the affected area is eroded.
·This product is suitable for the treatment of mild cases of buttock erythema (diaper rash). Patients with severe symptoms or combined bacterial infections should go to the hospital for treatment.
·Patients with allergies should use this product with caution.
·When infants and young children develop mild buttock erythema, parents should change their children’s diapers frequently to keep the affected skin dry, which will help the skin in the affected area recover. . Do not wash the affected area with soapy water or scald it with hot water, because soapy water is alkaline and will destroy the weak acid environment on the skin surface and irritate the skin, which is not conducive to the recovery of the skin’s defense function. Hot water will dilate the skin capillaries. , can aggravate infection.
If your child’s symptoms do not improve after using this product for 2 to 3 days, please take your child to the hospital to avoid delaying treatment. ·If you have any severe, persistent or progressive discomfort during medication, please consult your doctor promptly.
Effects of Compound Lithospermum Oil
Compound Lithospermum oil is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation, which mainly contains Lithospermum, borneol, honeysuckle, Angelica dahurica and other traditional Chinese medicines. This medicine has the effects of clearing heat, cooling blood, detoxifying and relieving pain. It is generally used to treat mild water and fire burns. It has also been reported to treat eczema, drug eruptions, dermatitis, frostbite, herpes zoster, and traumatic ulcers. Modern research shows that compound Lithospermum oil has anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, myogenic and analgesic effects. The pH value of this product is low, which is not conducive to the growth of bacteria, and Lithospermum in this product has an inhibitory effect on various bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, so patients use this product to treat small area burns and scalds. Antibiotics are not needed, and the time of antibiotic use can be shortened for patients with larger areas. It is very effective in treating burns and scalds, and it is not easy to leave scars after recovery. Compound Lithospermum oil is an over-the-counter medicine. Patients can go to the hospital or qualified medical institution to purchase and use it on their own, or they can take it under the guidance of a doctor and follow the doctor’s advice. This product is only suitable for mild burns, which may appear as redness, swelling, heat pain, and slight local blisters, which are generally tolerated by patients. If the patient suffers severe (burn) burns such as charred skin, severe redness and swelling, and no pain, or the patient has a large wound, it is not advisable to buy and use it by yourself, and you should go to the hospital for treatment. In addition, patients should be careful not to eat spicy and irritating foods during medication to avoid worsening of wound ulcers. After 1 to 2 days of medication, if the patient’s symptoms do not improve or there is pus on the wound, he should go to the hospital for treatment.
The efficacy of Lithospermum ointment
Lithospermum ointment is composed of lithospermum, angelica root, fangfeng, rehmannia glutinosa, angelica dahurica, frankincense, and myrrh.
It has the effect of resolving decay and promoting muscle growth. Used for sores and ulcers.
This product is for external use. Spread it on gauze and stick it on the affected area. Change the dressing every 1 to 2 days.
Mainly produced in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia.
Where are the main medicinal parts of comfrey?
Parts of Lithospermum used as medicine:
Comfrey is the dried root of Amnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. or Amnebia gutata Bunge, a plant of the Boragaceae family. Excavate in spring and autumn, remove sediment and dry.
Characteristics of the parts of Lithospermum used as medicine:
Xinjiang Lithospermum (Soft Lithospermum) has an irregular long cylindrical shape, many twists, 7~20cm long and 1~2.5cm in diameter. The surface is purple-red or purple-brown. The skin is loose and strip-shaped. There are often more than 10 overlapping layers and it is easy to peel off. Different stem residues are visible at the top. The body is light, soft, easy to break, the cross section is irregular, the wood is small, yellowish white or yellow. The smell is peculiar and the taste is slightly bitter and astringent.
Lithospermum Inner Mongolia is conical or cylindrical, twisted, 6~20cm long and 0.5~4cm in diameter. The root head is slightly thicker, and there is one or more short bristles on the top of the remaining stem. The surface is purple-red or dark purple, and the skin is slightly thin, with constant layers stacked on top of each other and easy to peel off. It is hard and brittle, easy to break, has a neat cross-section, the skin is purple-red, and the wood is small and yellow-white.It has a peculiar smell and a bitter taste.