Asarum – xi xin

Asarum
[Medicinal Use] This product is the whole herb of the plant Asarum sieboldii or Asarum sieboldii of the Aristolochiaceae family.
[Nature and flavor and meridians] Spicy, warm. Enters the heart, lung, liver, and kidney meridians.
[Effects] Disperse wind and cold, dispel wind and relieve pain, warm the lungs and transform fluid.
[Clinical Application] 1. Used for colds and wind-cold, fever and chills, headaches and body pains, nasal congestion, etc.
Asarum can mainly dispel cold and relieve pain. It is often used with Qianghuo, Jingjie, Chuanxiong, etc. to treat symptoms of severe headache caused by exogenous wind and cold; it can also be used for symptoms of exogenous wind and cold and yin and cold in the interior, and must be used with ephedra, aconite, etc.
2. Used for headache, toothache, rheumatic arthralgia.
Asarum has strong analgesic effect and has a significant therapeutic effect on headache and toothache. It can be used with Qianghuo, Angelica dahurica, etc. for headache, and Angelica dahurica, gypsum, etc. for toothache. For rheumatic arthralgia, it is better to use those with cold and dampness, and it can be used in combination with Qianghuo, Chuanwu, Caowu, etc.
3. Used for cough with phlegm.
Asarum can warm the lungs to resolve phlegm, so it is mainly used to treat lung cold cough, phlegm with thin and white texture, and is often used in combination with dried ginger, Pinellia, etc.
This product can also clear the nasal passages and treat mouth sores. For sinusitis, it is often used in combination with Angelica dahurica; for mouth and tongue sores, you can use Asarum alone, grind it into powder and apply it to the navel.
[Prescription name] Northern Asarum, Asarum (likes to be clean, dried, and chopped), roasted Asarum (mixed with honey to roast and reduce the warming and dispersing nature)
[General dosage and usage] One to one and a half qian, decocted. Appropriate amount for external use.
[Comment] Asarum can both disperse wind and cold externally and dispel yin and cold internally, and has better analgesic and antitussive effects. Although this product has a good effect of dispelling cold, its sweating effect is weak. It is not used as the main drug in general prescriptions for relieving exterior symptoms. It is clinically used for wind-cold exterior symptoms in two main aspects: either externally with ephedra to induce sweating and relieve exterior symptoms, internally with aconite to support yang and warm the kidney, to treat exogenous wind-cold in yang deficiency constitution, cold body and fear of cold, etc.; or it has both cough-relieving and analgesic effects, and is used for wind-cold exterior symptoms with headache, body pain or cough, etc. In addition, in terms of cough relief, it can be combined with dried ginger to warm the lungs and resolve phlegm, with Schisandra chinensis to open and close, and with ephedra to promote lung qi; in terms of analgesia, it can be combined with Angelica dahurica to treat toothache, with Chuanxiong to treat headache, and with Aconitum to treat pain in the arthralgia, which are all commonly used compatibility application methods and can be used for reference.
[Example of prescription] Xiaoqinglong Decoction (Treatise on Febrile Diseases) Ephedra, cinnamon twig, asarum, peony, Schisandra chinensis, dried ginger, pinellia, licorice. Treat phlegm, cough and asthma.
Ma Huang Fu Zi Xi Xin Tang (Treatise on Febrile Diseases) Ma Huang, Fu Zi, and Xi Xin. Treats yang deficiency and exogenous infection, fever, severe aversion to cold, coldness not reduced despite thick clothes and heavy quilts, weak spirit and sleepiness.
[Literature excerpt] “Ben Jing”: “It is used to treat cough, reverse breathing, headache, cramps, rheumatism, and dead muscles.”
“Ben Cao Yan Yi”: “It is indispensable for treating wind pain in the head and face.”
“Ben Cao Bie Shuo”: “If the powder is used alone, it should not exceed one qian, because more will cause suffocation and death.”
This product is the dried root and rhizome of Asarum heterotropoides Fr.schmidt var. mandshuricum (Maxim,) Kitag., Asarum sieboldiMig.var.seoulense Nakai or Asarum sieboldi Mig, of the Aristolochiaceae family. The first two are commonly known as “Liao Xi Xin”. Dig up in summer when the fruit ripens or in early autumn, remove the aboveground parts and mud and dry in the shade.
[Của cải]
Northern Asarum often curls into a ball. The rhizome grows horizontally in an irregular cylindrical shape, with short branches, 1~10cm long and 0.2~0.4cm in diameter; the surface is gray-brown, rough, with ring-shaped nodes, and the internodes are 0.2~0.3cm long. There are bowl-shaped stem scars at the top of the branches. The roots are slender, densely growing on the nodes, 10~20cm long and 0.1cm in diameter; the surface is gray-yellow, smooth or with longitudinal wrinkles; there are fibrous roots and fibrous root scars; the texture is brittle, easy to break, and the cross section is flat, yellow-white or white. The smell is spicy and spicy, and the taste is numbing.
The rhizome of Seoul Asarum is 0.1~0.5cm in diameter and 0.1~1cm in internode length.
The rhizome of Hua Asarum is 5~20cm long, 0.1~0.2cm in diameter, and 0.2~1cm in internode length. The smell is weak.
【Identification】(1) Root cross section: Epidermal cells in one row, partially preserved. Cortex is wide, with numerous oil cells scattered; outer cortical cells in one row, rectangular, corky and slightly lignified; inner cortex is obvious, with Cassius dots visible. Pericycle cells in one to two layers, primary xylem in two to four layers. In the center of the phloem bundle, 1 to three thin-walled cells are visible that are significantly larger than the surrounding phloem cells, but their long diameter is significantly smaller than the maximum vessel diameter, or there are no obvious large thin-walled cells in the phloem. Thin-walled cells contain powder particles.
(2) Take 0.5g of the powder of this product, add 20ml of methanol, ultrasonically treat for 45 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 2ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. Take 0.5q of the control medicinal material of Asarum, and prepare the control medicinal material solution in the same way. Take the asarum oleoresin reference substance, add methanol to prepare a solution containing 1mg per 1ml, and use it as the reference substance solution. According to the thin layer chromatography method (General Rule 0502), 10u of each of the above three solutions are taken and spotted on the same tridacna G thin layer plate, and petroleum ether (60~90℃)-7, acid ethyl ester (3:1) is used as the developing agent. Develop, take out, dry, spray with 1% vanilla group sulfuric acid solution, and blow with hot air until the spots are clearly colored. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the reference medicinal material and the chromatogram of the reference substance.
[Điều tra]
Water content shall not exceed 10.0% (General Rule 0832 Method 3).
Total ash content shall not exceed 12.0% (General Rule 2302)
Acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 5.0% (General Rule 2302).
Aristolochic acid I limit is determined according to the high performance liquid chromatography method (General Rule 0512).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel is used as filler; acetonitrile is used as mobile phase A, 0.05% phosphoric acid solution is used as mobile phase B, and gradient elution is performed according to the provisions in the following table; the detection wavelength is 260nm. The number of theoretical plates calculated based on the aristolochic acid I peak should not be less than 5000.
Preparation of reference solution Take an appropriate amount of aristolochic acid I reference substance, accurately weigh it, and add methanol to make a solution containing 0.2ug per 1ml. Preparation of test solution Take about 0.5g of the powder of this product, accurately weigh it, put it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 25ml of 70% methanol, seal it, weigh it, ultrasonically treat it (power 500W, frequency 40kHz) for 40 minutes, let it cool, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with 70% methanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate to get it. Determination method: accurately take 10u of reference solution and test solution respectively, inject into liquid chromatograph, and determine. This product, calculated on the basis of dry product, shall not contain more than 0.001% of aristolochic acid I (C17H11NO7).
[Extract]: Determine by hot leaching method under the determination method of alcohol-soluble extract (General Rule 2201), using ethanol as solvent, and shall not be less than 9.0%.
[Content determination]: Volatile oil: Determine according to the determination method of volatile oil (General Rule 2204).
This product shall contain not less than 2.0% (ml/g) of volatile oil.
Asarone: Determine according to high performance liquid chromatography (General Rule 0512).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test: Octadecyl tridecane bonded silica gel is used as filler; acetonitrile is used as mobile phase A, water is used as mobile phase B, and gradient elution is performed according to the provisions in the following table: temperature is 40℃, and detection wavelength is 287nm. The number of theoretical plates calculated based on the asarone peak should not be less than 10,000.
Preparation of reference solution Take an appropriate amount of asarone reference, weigh accurately, and add methanol to make a solution containing 50ug per 1ml.
Preparation of test solution Take about 0.5g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 3 sieve), weigh accurately, put it in a county stopper conical flask, accurately add 15ml of methanol, seal it, weigh the weight, ultrasonically treat (power 500W frequency 40kHz) for 45 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up the lost weight with methanol, shake, filter, and take the filtrate. Determination method Accurately aspirate 10ml of the reference solution and the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine them. This product, calculated on the basis of dry product, contains not less than 0.050% asarone (C20H1806).
Medicinal pieces
[Xử lý]
Remove impurities, spray with water, moisten slightly, cut into sections, and dry in the shade
[Của cải]
This product is in irregular sections. The rhizome is irregularly round, with gray-brown outer skin, and sometimes ring-shaped nodes can be seen. The root is thin, the surface is gray-yellow, smooth or with longitudinal wrinkles. The cut surface is yellow-white or white. The smell is pungent and the taste is spicy and numbing.
[Điều tra]
The total ash content is the same as the medicinal material, and shall not exceed 8.0%.
[Nhận dạng]
(Except the cross section of the root)
[Điều tra]
(Limit of aristolochic acid I)
[Trích đoạn]
[Xác định nội dung]
Giống như dược liệu.
[Thiên nhiên và hương vị và kinh lạc]
Pungent, warm. It enters the heart, lung, and kidney meridians.
[Chức năng và chỉ định]
Relieves the exterior and dispels cold, dispels wind and relieves pain, clears the orifices, warms the lungs and transforms fluid. Used for cold, headache, toothache, nasal congestion, runny nose, nasal sinusitis, rheumatic arthralgia, phlegm and cough.
[Usage and Dosage]
1~3g. Powder 0.5~1g each time. Appropriate amount for external use.
[Ghi chú]
It should not be used with Veratrum.
[Kho]
Put in a cool and dry place.
Where is the main origin of Asarum?
Northern Asarum, Seoul Asarum is commonly known as “Liao Asarum”, which is mainly produced in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang; Chinese Asarum is mainly produced in Shaanxi.
Where is the main medicinal part of Asarum?
Medicinal part of Asarum:
This product is the dried root and rhizome of Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt var. mandshuricum (Maxim.)Kitag., Seoul Asarum Asarum sieboldi Mig.var.seoulense Nakai or Chinese Asarum Asarum sieboldii Miq. of the Aristolochiaceae family. The first two are commonly known as “Liao Xixin”.
Dig in summer when the fruit is ripe or in early autumn, remove the aboveground parts and mud and sand, and dry in the shade.
Characteristics of the medicinal parts of Asarum:
Northern Asarum often curls into a ball. The rhizome grows horizontally in an irregular cylindrical shape, with short branches, 1~10cm long and 0.2~0.4cm in diameter; the surface is gray-brown, rough, with ring-shaped nodes, 0.2~0.3cm long between nodes, and bowl-shaped stem scars at the top of the branches.
The roots are slender, densely growing on the nodes, 10~20cm long and 0.1cm in diameter; the surface is gray-yellow, smooth or with longitudinal wrinkles; there are fibrous roots and fibrous root scars; the texture is brittle, easy to break, the cross section is flat, yellow-white or white. The smell is spicy and the taste is spicy and numbing.
The rhizome diameter of Seoul Asarum is 0.1~0.5cm, and the internode length is 0.1~1cm.
The rhizome of Hua Xixin is 5~20cm long, 0.1~0.2cm in diameter, and 0.2~1cm in internode length. The smell is weak.
How are Asarum recorded in ancient books?
“Ben Jing”: “It is used to treat cough, headache, brain movement, cramps in all joints, rheumatism, and dead muscles.
“Yaoyao Huayi”: “Asarum, if the cold evil enters the interior and is in the yin meridian, it can be used to lift it out from the inside.
“Ben Cao Yan Yi”: “It is indispensable for treating wind pain in the head and face.
“Ben Cao Zheng Yi”: “It is good at opening qi stagnation, venting stagnation, and can reach the top of the head and clear the ears and eyes.
Effects and functions
Asarum has the effects of dispelling cold, dispelling wind and relieving pain, opening the orifices, warming the lungs and transforming fluid.
What are the main effects and clinical applications of Asarum?
Asarum is used for colds, headaches, toothaches, nasal congestion and runny nose, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, rheumatism, phlegm, fluid, wheezing and coughing.
Wind-cold exterior syndrome
· Treat wind-cold exterior syndrome, for those with severe headache and body pain, often used with Notopterygium wilfordii, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Angelica dahurica, etc. Treat exogenous wind-cold due to deficiency of yang in the body, with symptoms such as aversion to cold, fever, fatigue, drowsiness, and deep pulse, often used with Ephedra and Aconite. .
Headache, toothache, pain in the arthralgia
· Treat hemiplegia due to exogenous wind evil, often used with Chuanxiong, Angelica dahurica, Notopterygium wilfordii, etc.
To treat toothache, can be used alone, or with Piper striata, Alpinia officinalis, Borneol, etc. .
· Treat wind-cold-dampness arthralgia, cold pain in the waist and knees, often used with Duhuo, Viscum album, Saposhnikovia divaricata, etc.
Nasal congestion, runny nose, sinusitis and runny nose
Often used with Angelica dahurica, Xanthium sibiricum, Magnolia officinalis, etc.
Phlegm and cough
Often used with dried ginger, Schisandra chinensis, etc.
What other effects does Asarum have?
The commonly used medicinal recipes for Asarum are as follows:
Reinforce the kidney and strengthen the bones, promote blood circulation and relieve pain
·Applicable to kidney deficiency and low back pain or sudden low back pain.
·240g Eucommia ulmoides, 240g Salvia miltiorrhiza, 150g Chuanxiong, 120g Cassia bark, 60g Asarum, and 8L wine.
Dehumidify the spleen, dispel cold and relieve pain, and release pathogens
·12g each of Amomum villosum, clove, sandalwood, green peel, mint, patchouli, sweet pine, galangal, cinnamon, fennel, angelica dahurica, licorice, and chrysanthemum, 8g each of red yeast rice,
8g each of costus root and asarum, 2g of dried ginger, 5g of fennel, and 1L of shochu. ·Put the above medicinal foods in a silk bag and soak them in shochu. They can be used after 10 days. Drink once in the morning and evening every day, 20~30mL each time. Note: The use of Chinese herbal medicines must be treated according to syndrome differentiation and should be used under the guidance of professional Chinese medicine practitioners. Do not use them at will, and do not listen to Chinese medicine prescriptions and advertisements at will.
What are the compound preparations containing asarum?
Duhuo Jisheng Decoction
Dispels rheumatism, stops arthralgia and pain, benefits the liver and kidneys, and replenishes qi and blood. Indications: Long-term arthralgia, liver and kidney deficiency, and qi and blood deficiency. Pain and weakness in the waist and knees, flexion and extension of limbs without fear of cold and preference for warmth, palpitations and shortness of breath, pale tongue with white fur, and weak pulse. Li, or numbness,
Mahuang Xixin Fuzi Decoction
Assists yang and relieves the symptoms. Indications: deficiency of yang in the body, exogenous wind-cold syndrome; sudden hoarseness, or even aphonia.
Duhuo Xixin Decoction
Indications: exogenous headache, evil in Shaoyin, headache and pain in the cheeks.
Li Bi Tablets
Clears heat and detoxifies, dispels wind and opens the orifices. Used for colds, nasal congestion, sinusitis, and clear or turbid nasal discharge caused by wind-heat accumulation in the lungs.
Nine-ingredient Qianghuo Decoction
Induces sweating and dispels dampness, and clears internal heat. Indications: exogenous wind-cold-dampness evil, and internal heat syndrome. Aversion to cold and fever, no sweating, headache and stiff neck, soreness and pain in limbs, bitter mouth and slight thirst, white or slightly yellow tongue coating, and floating pulse.
Chuanxiong Cha Tiao San
Dispels wind and relieves pain. Indications: exogenous wind-evil headache. Hemicranial headache, or pain at the top of the head, dizziness and nasal congestion, or aversion to wind and fever.
Linggan Wuwei Jiangxin Decoction
Warms the lungs and transforms fluid. Indications: cold and cough. Coughing up a lot of sputum, which is clear and thin, or salivating, chest fullness and discomfort, white and slippery tongue coating, and stringy and slippery pulse.
Xiaoqinglong Granules
Relieves the exterior and transforms fluid, relieves cough and asthma. Used for wind-cold and watery fluid, aversion to cold and fever, no sweating, and thin sputum.
Modern research progress on Asarum
This product has multiple pharmacological effects such as antipyretic, sedative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms, anti-allergic reaction, increase of myocardial contractility, relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, etc.
Usage method
Asarum has the effects of dispelling cold, dispelling wind and relieving pain, opening the orifices, warming the lungs and transforming fluid. Generally, Asarum slices are used for internal and external use
How to use Asarum correctly?
When Asarum decoction is taken orally, the usual dosage is 1~3g; the powder is taken 0.5~19 each time. When Asarum is used externally, take an appropriate amount of Asarum, grind it into powder and blow it into the nose, plug the ears, apply it to the navel, or mix and apply; it can also be decocted and gargled. Asarum can produce Chinese medicinal slices such as Asarum and Honey Asarum through different processing methods. Different processing methods have different effects, but the method of use is the same. Please follow the doctor’s advice for specific medication.
Asarum is generally used in decoctions, decocted and taken, and can also be made into powder or pills for consumption. However, the use of Chinese herbal medicines must be based on syndrome differentiation and treatment, and should be used under the guidance of professional Chinese medicine practitioners. Do not use them at will, and do not listen to Chinese medicine prescriptions and advertisements at will.
Note: Asarum is poisonous, do not use it in excess.
Common Chinese medicine combinations are as follows:
Asarum with dried ginger and Schisandra chinensis: Asarum dispels wind and cold, warms the lungs and transforms fluid; dried ginger warms the middle and dispels cold, warms the lungs and transforms fluid; Schisandra chinensis restrains lung qi and nourishes kidney yin. The three medicines are matched, mainly warming and drying, restraining and moistening, good at warming the lungs and transforming fluid, and do not consume qi and damage yin. It is effective in treating long-term cough caused by cold fluid.
How to prepare Asarum?
Asarum
Take the original medicinal materials, except Remove impurities, wash with water, moisten slightly, cut into sections, and dry.
Honey Asarum
Take refined honey, dilute with an appropriate amount of boiling water, add clean Asarum segments, mix well, simmer thoroughly, heat with a slow fire, stir-fry until it is not sticky, take out and cool. For every 100kg of Asarum segments, use 25kg of honey.
What drugs should be used with Asarum at the same time with special attention?
It is anti-Veratrum, and it should not be used with Veratrum.
The combined use of Chinese medicine and the combined use of Chinese and Western medicine require syndrome differentiation and clinical individualized treatment. If you are using other drugs, please consult a doctor before taking the medicine, and inform the doctor of all your diagnosed diseases and treatment plans you are receiving.
Hướng dẫn sử dụng thuốc
Asarum is pungent, fragrant, warm and dispersing, so it is not suitable for people with qi deficiency and sweating, yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity headache, yin deficiency or lung heat cough and asthma.
What precautions should be taken when using Asarum?
· Asarum is anti-Veratrum, and it should not be used with Veratrum.
Asarum is slightly toxic, so the dosage should not be too large, especially when it is ground into powder and taken with caution.
It is not suitable for people with excessive sweating due to qi deficiency, headache due to yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity, dry cough due to yin deficiency or cough due to lung heat.
· This product has a pungent and fragrant smell, spicy taste and numbing tongue. The best ones are gray-yellow, dry, spicy and numbing tongue.
How to identify and use Asarum?
Asarum and Ephedra
Asarum and Ephedra are both wind-dispersing and cold-relieving drugs, both can induce sweating and relieve symptoms, and can be used to treat wind-cold colds.
The difference is that Asarum is pungent and warm, reaching the surface and entering the interior, and can disperse wind-cold in the lungs and the foot Shaoyin kidney meridian. Although its sweating power is not as good as that of Ephedra, its cold-dispersing power is stronger. It can treat general wind-cold colds, and is especially good for cold attacking Shaoyin, no sweating, aversion to cold, fever and deep pulse of yang deficiency; its pungent, dispersing and warming properties are good at opening the orifices and relieving pain, warming the lungs and transforming fluid, and is good at clearing … Treats diseases of the head and face, rheumatism, asthma and cough due to phlegm and fluid.
Ephedra is pungent and bitter, and focuses on dispersing Wei Qi, opening the pores, penetrating the hair pores, sweating and relieving the exterior symptoms. It mainly disperses the wind and cold in the lung and bladder meridians. It is a strong sweating and relieving medicine, so it is mainly used to treat severe colds with wind and cold, lung qi congestion, blocked hair pores, and no sweat on the exterior. It also has the functions of dispersing lung and relieving asthma, promoting diuresis and reducing swelling. It can be used for asthma, cough and shortness of breath due to lung qi stagnation, and wind evil attacking the exterior and swelling all over the body.
Medication tips
Những câu hỏi thường gặp nhất của bệnh nhân
Rescue methods for asarum poisoning
General treatments for asarum poisoning are: early vomiting and gastric lavage; when there are symptoms such as spasms and mania, diazepam or sodium barbital can be used; when there is urinary retention, catheterization or oral hydrochlorothiazide.
If the patient feels unwell during medication, he should seek medical attention in time to avoid missing the best treatment period.
Adverse reactions of Asarum
The dosage of Asarum should not be too large. A large dose of Asarum volatile oil can excite and then inhibit the central nervous system, slow down voluntary movements and breathing, disappear reflexes, and finally die from respiratory paralysis. In addition, Asarum has a direct inhibitory effect on the myocardium, and excessive use can cause arrhythmia. The main manifestations of poisoning are headache, vomiting, irritability, sweating, neck stiffness, thirst, increased body temperature and blood pressure, mild dilation of pupils, flushed face, etc. If not treated in time, it can quickly turn into a spasmodic state, with clenched teeth, opisthotonos, unclear consciousness, convulsions of limbs, urinary retention, and finally death from respiratory paralysis. The main causes of Asarum poisoning: First, the dosage of a single powder is too large when swallowed directly, and second, the decoction time of a large dose is too short. Therefore, it must be used strictly in accordance with the prescribed usage and dosage to ensure the safety of the drug.
How many grams is the maximum dosage of Asarum?
The dosage of Asarum should not be too large. There is a saying that “the dosage of Asarum should not exceed the amount of money”. “Ben Cao Bie Shuo” says that “If Asarum is used alone as powder, it should not exceed half a money. If it is used, the person will die if the qi is blocked and blocked.” That is to say, when Asarum is used alone as powder, it should be less than one money (3.125g). In clinical application, oral administration: decoction, 1~3g; powder, 0.5~1g each time.
Efficacy and function of Ma Huang Fu Zi Xi Xin Tang
Ma Huang Fu Zi Xi Xin Tang is a diaphoretic. It is composed of Ma Huang (remove the nodes), Asarum, Fu Zi (blasted, peeled, broken into eight pieces). It has the effect of promoting yang and diaphoresis. It is mainly used to treat yang deficiency, exogenous wind-cold, no sweating, nausea, fever, curling up, white tongue coating, and deep pulse. It is often used clinically for colds in yang deficiency constitution, drowsiness, catching cold before and after menstruation or before and after ejaculation, brain or toothache due to severe cold affecting the kidneys, sore throat due to sudden hoarseness, yang deficiency, cold stagnation and slow pulse, etc.